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Aircraft 4 is established on the final approach course
beyond the approach segments, 8 NM from Alpha at
6,000 feet. The minimum vectoring altitude for this area
Figure 4-7. Cleared for the Palm Beach ILS Approach.
is 4,000 feet. “Eight miles from Alpha. Cross Alpha at
or above four thousand. Cleared ILS runway three six
approach.”
If an aircraft is not established on a segment of a published approach and is not conducting a radar approach,
ATC will assign an altitude to maintain until the aircraft is established on a segment of a published route
or instrument approach procedure, as depicted in
Figure 4-9.
The aircraft is being vectored to a published segment of
the ILS final approach course, 3 NM from Alpha at
4,000 feet. The minimum vectoring altitude for this area
is 4,000 feet. “Three miles from Alpha. Turn left heading
two one zero. Maintain four thousand until established
on the localizer. Cleared ILS runway one eight
approach.”
The ATC assigned altitude ensures IFR obstruction
clearance from the point at which the approach clearance is issued until established on a segment of a
published route or instrument approach procedure.
ATC tries to make frequency changes prior to passing
the FAF, although when radar is used to establish the
FAF, ATC informs the pilot to contact the tower on the
local control frequency after being advised that the aircraft is over the fix. For example, “Three miles from
final approach fix. Turn left heading zero one zero.
Maintain two thousand until established on the localizer. Cleared ILS runway three six approach. I will
advise when over the fix.”
“Over final approach fix. Contact tower one one eight
point one.”
Where a terminal arrival area (TAA) has been established to support RNAV approaches, as depicted in
LIMA
LOM
1500
6 DME
X-RAY
INT
1300
12 DME
4000
20 DME
ALPHA
INT
IAF IAF
Figure 4-8. Arrival Instructions When Established.
4000
12 DME
ALPHA
IAF
FAF
Straight-In ILS
Figure 4-9. Arrival Instructions When Not Established.
4-9
Figure 4-10, ATC informs the aircraft of its position
relative to the appropriate IAF and issues the approach
clearance, as shown in the following examples:
Aircraft 1 is in the straight-in area of the TAA. “Seven
miles from CENTR, Cleared RNAV Runway One Eight
Approach.’’
Aircraft 2 is in the left base area of the TAA. “Fifteen
miles from LEFTT, Cleared RNAV Runway One Eight
Approach.’’
Aircraft 3 is in the right base area of the TAA. “Four
miles from WRITE, Cleared RNAV Runway One Eight
Approach.”
IFR en route descent procedures should include a
review of minimum, maximum, mandatory, and recommended altitudes that normally precede the fix or
NAVAID facility to which they apply. The initial descent
gradient for a low altitude instrument approach procedure does not exceed 500 feet per NM (approximately 5
degrees), and for a high altitude approach, the maximum
Figure 4-10. Basic “T” Design Terminal Arrival Area.
FAF
MAP Runway 18
IAF IAF
CENTR
IF(IAF) WRITE LEFTT
Plan View
Missed Approach
Holding Fix
4-10
4-11
allowable initial gradient is 1,000 feet per NM
(approximately 10 degrees).
Remember during arrivals, when cleared for an instrument approach, maintain the last assigned altitude until
you are established on a published segment of the
approach, or on a segment of a published route. If no
altitude is assigned with the approach clearance and you
are already on a published segment, you can descend to
its minimum altitude.
HIGH PERFORMANCE AIRPLANE ARRIVALS
Procedures are established for the control of IFR high
performance airplane arrivals, and are generally applied
regardless of air traffic activity or time of day. This
includes all turbojets and turboprops over 12,500
pounds. These procedures reduce fuel consumption and
minimize the time spent at low altitudes. The primary
objective is to ensure turbine-powered airplanes remain
at the highest possible altitude as long as possible within
reasonable operating limits and consistent with noise
abatement policies.
AIRSPEED
During the arrival, expect to make adjustments in speed at
the controller’s request. When you fly a high-performance airplane on an IFR flight plan, ATC may ask you to
adjust your airspeed to achieve proper traffic sequencing
and separation. This also reduces the amount of radar
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Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)仪表程序手册上(93)
