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have a minimum navigation performance capability in
order to operate in MNPS designated airspace. In addition, aircraft must be certified by their State of Registry
for MNPS operation. Under certain conditions, non-
MNPS aircraft can operate in MNPS airspace, however,
standard oceanic separation minima is provided
between the non-MNPS aircraft and other traffic.
Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude (MOCA)
– The MOCA is the lowest published altitude in effect
between radio fixes on VOR airways, off-airway routes,
or route segments that meets obstacle clearance
requirements for the entire route segment. This altitude
also assures acceptable navigational signal coverage
only within 22 NM of a VOR.
Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA) – An MRA is
determined by FAA flight inspection traversing an
entire route of flight to establish the minimum altitude
the navigation signal can be received for the route and
for off-course NAVAID facilities that determine a fix.
When the MRA at the fix is higher than the MEA, an
MRA is established for the fix, and is the lowest altitude at which an intersection can be determined.
Minimum Safe Altitudes (MSA) – MSAs are published for emergency use on IAP charts. For conventional navigation systems, the MSA is normally based
on the primary omnidirectional facility on which the
IAP is predicated. For RNAV approaches, the MSA is
based on the runway waypoint (RWY WP) for straightin approaches, or the airport waypoint (APT WP) for
circling approaches. For GPS approaches, the MSA
center will be the Missed Approach Waypoint
(MAWP).
Minimum Vectoring Altitude (MVA) – Minimum
vectoring altitude charts are developed for areas where
there are numerous minimum vectoring altitudes due to
variable terrain features or man-made obstacles. MVAs
are established for use by ATC when radar ATC is exercised.
Missed Approach Holding Waypoint (MAHWP) –
An approach waypoint sequenced during the holding
portion of the missed approach procedure that is usually a fly-over waypoint, rather than a fly-by waypoint.
Loss of Separation – An occurrence or operation that
results in less than prescribed separation between aircraft, or between an aircraft and a vehicle, pedestrian,
or object.
LPV – See Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidence
Magnetic Variation – The difference in degrees
between the measured values of true north and magnetic north at that location.
Maximum Authorized Altitude (MAA) – An MAA is
a published altitude representing the maximum usable
altitude or flight level for an airspace structure or route
segment. It is the highest altitude on a Federal airway,
jet route, RNAV low or high route, or other direct route
for which an MEA is designated at which adequate
reception of navigation signals is assured.
Metering Fix – A fix along an established route over
which aircraft will be metered prior to entering terminal
airspace. Normally, this fix should be established at a
distance from the airport which will facilitate a profile
descent 10,000 feet above airport elevation (AAE) or
above.
Mid-RVR – The RVR readout values obtained from
sensors located midfield of the runway.
Mileage Break – A point on a route where the leg segment mileage ends, and a new leg segment mileage
begins, often at a route turning point.
Military Airspace Management System (MAMS) –
A Department of Defense system to collect and disseminate information on the current status of special use
airspace. This information is provided to the Special
Use Airspace Management System (SAMS). The electronic interface also provides SUA schedules and historical activation and utilization data.
Minimum Crossing Altitude (MCA) – An MCA is the
lowest altitude at certain fixes at which the aircraft
must cross when proceeding in the direction of a higher
minimum en route IFR altitude. MCAs are established
in all cases where obstacles intervene to prevent pilots
from maintaining obstacle clearance during a normal
climb to a higher MEA after passing a point beyond
which the higher MEA applies.
Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) – The lowest altitude, expressed in feet above mean sea level, to which
descent is authorized on final approach or during circleto-land maneuvering in execution of a standard instrument approach procedure where no electronic glide
slope is provided.
Minimum En Route Altitude (MEA) – The MEA is
the lowest published altitude between radio fixes that
assures acceptable navigational signal coverage and
meets obstacle clearance requirements between those
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Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)仪表程序手册上(189)
