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Administration
FAF — final approach fix
FAP — final approach point
FATO – Final Approach and
Takeoff Area
FB — fly-by
FBWP — fly-by waypoint
FD — winds and temperatures aloft
forecast
FD — flight director
FDC NOTAM — Flight Data
Center Notice to Airmen
FDP — flight data processing
FIR — flight information region
FIS — flight information system
FIS-B — flight information servicebroadcast
FISDL — flight information services data link
FL — flight level
FMC — flight management computer
FMS — flight management system
FO — fly-over
FOM — flight operations manual
FOWP — fly-over waypoint
FPM — feet per minute
FSDO — Flight Standards District
Office
FSS — Flight Service Station
FTE — flight technical error
GA — general aviation
GAMA — General Aviation
Manufacturer’s Association
GBT — ground-based transmitter
GCA — ground controlled
approach
GCO — ground communication
outlet
GDP — ground delay programs
GDPE — ground delay program
enhancements
GLS — Global Navigation Satellite
System Landing System
GNE — gross navigation error
GNSS — Global Navigation
Satellite System
GPS — Global Positioning System
GPWS — ground proximity warning system
G/S — glide slope
GS — groundspeed
GWS — graphical weather service
HAA — height above airport
HAR — High Altitude Redesign
HAT — height above touchdown
HDD — head-down display
HEMS — helicopter emergency
medical service
HF — high frequency
HFDL — high frequency data link
HGS — head-up guidance system
HITS — highway in the sky
HOCSR — host/oceanic computer
C-3
system replacement
HSI — horizontal situation indicator
HSAC — Helicopter Safety
Advisory Council
HUD — head-up display
IAF — initial approach fix
IAP — instrument approach procedure
IAS — indicated air speed
ICA — initial climb area
ICAO — International Civil
Aviation Organization
IF — intermediate fix
IFR — instrument flight rules
ILS — instrument landing system
IMC — instrument meteorological
conditions
INS — inertial navigation system
IOC — initial operational capability
IPV — instrument procedure with
vertical guidance (this term has
been renamed APV)
IRU – Inertial Reference Unit
KIAS — knots indicated airspeed
LAAS — Local Area Augmentation
System
LAHSO — land and hold short
operations
LDA — localizer type directional
aid, landing distance available
LF — low frequency
LNAV — lateral navigation
LOA — letter of agreement/letter of
authorization
LOC — localizer
LOM — locator outer marker
LPV — See glossary
LTP — landing threshold point
MAA — maximum authorized altitude
MAHWP — missed approach holding waypoint
MAMS — military airspace management system
MAP — missed approach point
MAP — manifold absolute pressure
MASPS — minimum aviation system performance specification
MAWP — missed approach waypoint
MCA — minimum crossing altitude
McTMA — multi-center traffic
management advisor
MDA — minimum descent altitude
MDH — minimum descent height
MEA — minimum en route altitude
MEL — minimum equipment list
METAR — aviation routine
weather report
MFD — multifunction display
MIA — minimum IFR altitude
MIT — miles-in-trail [delete term]
MLS — microwave landing system
MNPS — minimum navigation performance specifications
MOA — military operations area
MOCA — minimum obstruction
clearance altitude
MOPS — minimum operational
performance standards
MORA — minimum off route altitude
MRA — minimum reception altitude
MSA — minimum safe altitude
MSAW — minimum safe altitude
warning
MSL — mean sea level
MTA — minimum turning altitude
MVA — minimum vectoring altitude
NA — not authorized
NACO — National Aeronautical
Charting Office
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Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)仪表程序手册上(182)
