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other hosted databases and applications. Physical EFB
displays may use various technologies, formats, and
forms of communication. These devices are sometimes
referred to as auxiliary performance computers (APC)
or laptop auxiliary performance computers (LAPC).
Ellipsoid of Revolution – The surface that results
when an ellipse is rotated about one of its axes.
En Route Obstacle Clearance Areas – Obstacle clearance areas for en route planning are identified as primary, secondary, and turning areas, and they are
designed to provide obstacle clearance route protection
width for airways and routes.
Expanded Service Volume – When ATC or a procedures specialist requires the use of a NAVAID beyond
the limitations specified for standard service volume,
an expanded service volume (ESV) may be established.
See standard service volume.
Feeder Route – A feeder route is a route depicted on
IAP charts to designate courses for aircraft to proceed
from the en route structure to the IAF. Feeder routes,
also referred to as approach transitions, technically are
not considered approach segments but are an integral
part of many IAPs.
Field - See Database Field
Final Approach and Takeoff Area (FATO) – The
FATO is a defined heliport area over which the final
approach to a hover or a departure is made. The touchdown and lift-off area (TLOF) where the helicopter is
permitted to land is normally centered in the FATO. A
safety area is provided around the FATO.
Fix – A geographical position determined by visual reference to the surface, by reference to one or more radio
NAVAIDs, by celestial plotting, or by another navigational device. Note: Fix is a generic name for a geographical position and is referred to as a fix, waypoint,
intersection, reporting point, etc.
Flight Information Region (FIR) – A FIR is an airspace of defined dimensions within which Flight
Information Service and Alerting Service are provided.
Flight Information Service (FIS) is a service provided
for the purpose of giving advice and information useful
for the safe and efficient conduct of flights. Alerting
Service is a service provided to notify appropriate
organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and
rescue aid, and assist such organizations as required.
Flight Level (FL) – A flight level is a level of constant
atmospheric pressure related to a reference datum of
29.92 in.Hg. Each flight level is stated in three digits
that represents hundreds of feet. For example, FL 250
represents an altimeter indication of 25,000 feet.
Floating Waypoints – Floating waypoints represent
airspace fixes at a point in space not directly associated
with a conventional airway. In many cases they may be
established for such purposes as ATC metering fixes,
holding points, RNAV-direct routing, gateway waypoints, STAR origination points leaving the en route
structure, and SID terminating points joining the en
route structure.
Fly-By (FB) Waypoint – A waypoint that requires the
use of turn anticipation to avoid overshooting the next
flight segment.
Fly-Over (FO) Waypoint – A waypoint that precludes
any turn until the waypoint is overflown, and is followed by either an intercept maneuver of the next flight
segment or direct flight to the next waypoint.
Four Corner Post Configuration – An arrangement of
air traffic pathways in a terminal area that brings
incoming flights over fixes at four corners of the traffic
area, while outbound flights depart between the fixes,
thus minimizing conflicts between arriving and departing traffic.
C-9
Gateway Fix – A navigational aid or fix where an aircraft transitions between the domestic route structure
and the oceanic route airspace.
Geodetic Datum – The reference plane from which
geodetic calculations are made. Or, according to ICAO
Annex 15, the numerical or geometrical quantity or set
of such quantities (mathematical model) that serves as a
reference for computing other quantities in a specific
geographic region such as the latitude and longitude of
a point.
Glidepath Angle (GPA) – The angular displacement of
the vertical guidance path from a horizontal plane that
passes through the reference datum point (RDP). This
angle is published on approach charts (e.g., 3.00º,
3.20º, etc.). GPA is sometimes referred to as vertical
path angle (VPA).
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) – An
umbrella term adopted by the International Civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO) to encompass any independent satellite navigation system used by a pilot to
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Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)仪表程序手册上(187)
