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penetrations 1 SM (see Chapter 5). When there are
penetrations of the final approach OIS, a visibility
credit for approach lighting systems is not allowed for
either airplane or helicopter procedures that would
result in values less than the appropriate 3/4 SM or 1
SM visibility requirement. The Part 97.3 visibility
reduction rule does not apply, and you must take precautions to avoid any obstacles in the visual segment.
Procedures with penetrations of the final approach
OIS will be annotated at the next amendment with
“Visibility Reduction by Helicopters NA.”
Until all the affected SIAPs have been annotated, an
understanding of how the standard visibilities are
established is the best aid in determining if penetrations of the final approach OIS exists. Some of the
variables in determining visibilities are: DA/MDA
height above touchdown (HAT), height above airport
(HAA), distance of the facility to the MAP (or the
runway threshold for non-precision approaches), and
approach lighting configurations.
The standard visibility requirement, without any
credit for lights, is 1 SM for nonprecision approaches
and 3/4 SM for precision approaches. This is based on
a Category A airplane 250-320 feet HAT/HAA, and
for nonprecision approaches a distance of 10,000 feet
or less from the facility to the MAP (or runway
threshold). For precision approaches, credit for any
approach light configuration, and for non-precision
approaches (with a 250 HAT) configured with a
MALSR, SSALR, or ALSF-1 normally results in a
published visibility of 1/2 SM.
Consequently, if an ILS is configured with approach
lights or a nonprecision approach is configured with
either MALSR, SSALR, or ALSF-1 lighting configurations and the procedure has a published visibility of 3/4
SM or greater, a penetration of the final approach OIS
may exist. Also, pilots will be unable to determine
whether there are penetrations of the final approach
OIS if a nonprecision procedure does not have
approach lights, or is configured with ODALS, MALS,
or SSALS/SALS lighting since the minimum published
visibility will be 3/4 SM or greater.
As a rule of thumb, approaches with published visibilities of 3/4 SM or more should be regarded as having
final approach OIS penetrations and care must be taken
to avoid any obstacles in the visual segment.
Approaches with published visibilities of 1/2 SM or
less are free of OIS penetrations and the visibility
reduction in Part 97.3 is authorized.
Figure 7-8. Helicopter Use of Standard Instrument Approach Procedures.
Helicopter Use of Standard Instrument Approach Procedures
Procedure Helicopter Visibility Minima Helicopter MDA/DA Maximum Speed Limitations
The greater of: one half the
Category A visibility minima,
1/4 statute mile visibility, or
1200 RVR unless annotated
(Visibility Reduction by Helicopters NA.)
As published
As published
Copter Procedure
GPS Copter Procedure
As published for
Category A
As published
As published
The helicopter may initiate the final approach segment
at speeds up to the upper limit of the highest Approach
Category authorized by the procedure, but must be
slowed to no more than 90 KIAS at the MAP in order
to apply the visibility reduction.
90 KIAS when on a published route/track.
90 KIAS when on a published route, track, or holding,
70 KIAS when on the final approach or missed
approach segment. Military procedures are limited to
90 KIAS for all segments.
Standard
COPTER ONLY APPROACHES TO AN
AIRPORT OR HELIPORT
Pilots flying Copter standard instrument approach
procedures (SIAPs), other than GPS, may use the published minima with no reductions in visibility
allowed. The maximum airspeed is 90 KIAS on any
segment of the approach or missed approach. Figure
7-9, illustrates a helicopter only ILS runway 32
approach at St. Paul, Minnesota.
Copter ILS approaches to Category (CAT) I facilities
with DAs no lower than a 200-foot HAT provide an
advantage over a conventional ILS of shorter final segments, and lower minimums (based on the 20:1 missed
approach surface). There are also Copter approaches
with minimums as low as 100-foot HAT and 1/4 SM
visibility. Approaches with a HAT below 200 foot are
annotated with the note: “SPECIAL AIRCREW &
AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION REQUIRED” since the
FAA must approve the helicopter and its avionics, and
the flight crew must have the required experience,
training, and checking.
7-10
Figure 7-9. KSTP Copter ILS Rwy 32.
7-11
The ground facilities (approach lighting, signal in
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Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)仪表程序手册上(160)
