曝光台 注意防骗
网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者
example of a public PinS approach that allows the pilot
to fly to one of four heliports after reaching the MAP.
For Part 135 operations, pilots may not begin the instrument approach unless the latest weather report indicates that the weather conditions are at or above the
authorized IFR or VFR minimums as required by the
class of airspace, operating rule and/or OpsSpecs,
Figure 7-15. KLGA Copter RNAV (GPS) 250°.
7-16
whichever is higher. Visual contact with the landing
site is not required; however, prior to the MAP, for
either Part 91 or 135 operators, the pilot must determine if the flight visibility meets the basic VFR
minimums required by the class of airspace, operating rule and/or OpsSpecs (whichever is higher). The
visibility is limited to no lower than that published
in the procedure until canceling IFR. If VFR minimums do not exist, then the published missed
approach procedure must be executed. The pilot
must contact air traffic control upon reaching the
MAP, or as soon as practical after that, and advise
whether executing the missed approach or canceling
IFR and proceeding VFR. Figure 7-16 provides
examples of the procedures used during a PinS
approach for Part 91 and Part 135 operations.
To proceed VFR in uncontrolled airspace, Part 135
operators are required to have at least 1/2 SM visibility
and a 300-foot ceiling. Part 135 HEMS operators must
have at least 1 SM day or 2 SM night visibility and a
500-foot ceiling provided the heliport is located within
3 NM of the MAP. These minimums apply regardless
of whether the approach is located on the plains of
Oklahoma or in the Colorado mountains. However, for
heliports located farther than 3 NM from the heliport,
Part 135 HEMS operators are held to an even higher
standard and the minimums and lighting conditions
contained in Figure 7-14 apply to the entire route.
Mountainous terrain at night with low light conditions
requires a ceiling of 1,000 feet and either 3 SM or 5 SM
visibility depending on whether it has been determined
as part of the operator’s local flying area.
In Class B, C, D, and E surface area airspace, a SVFR
clearance may be obtained if SVFR minimums exist.
On your flight plan, give ATC a heads up about your
intentions by entering the following in the remarks section: “Request SVFR clearance after the MAP.”
APPROACH TO A SPECIFIC VFR HELIPORT
The note associated with these procedures is: “PRO-
CEED VISUALLY FROM (NAMED MAP) OR CON-
DUCT THE SPECIFIED MISSED APPROACH.” Due
to their unique characteristics, these approaches require
training. They are developed to hospitals, oilrigs, private heliports, etc. As Specials, they require Flight
Standards approval by a Letter of Authorization (LOA)
for Part 91 operators or by OpsSpecs for Part 135 operators. The heliport associated with these procedures
must be located within 2 SM of the MAP, the visual
segment between the MAP and the heliport evaluated
for obstacle hazards, and the heliport must meet the
appropriate VFR heliport recommendations of
Advisory Circular 150/5390-2, Heliport Design.
The visibility minimum is based on the distance from
the MAP to the heliport, among other factors, e.g.,
height above the heliport elevation when at the MAP
MDA. The pilot is required to acquire and maintain
visual contact with the heliport final approach and
takeoff (FATO) area at or prior to the MAP. Obstacle
or terrain avoidance from the MAP to the heliport is the
responsibility of the pilot. If the required weather minimums do not exist, then the published missed
approach procedure must be executed at the MAP
because IFR obstruction clearance areas are not applied
to the visual segment of the approach and a missed
Point-in-Space Approach Examples
Example 1:
Under Part 91 the operator flies the published IFR PinS approach procedure that has a charted MDA of 340
mean sea level (MSL) and visibility of 3/4 SM. When approaching the MAP at an altitude of 340 feet MSL
the pilot transitions from Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) to Visual Meteorological Conditions
(VMC) and determines that the flight visibility is 1/2 SM. The pilot must determine prior to the MAP whether
the applicable basic VFR weather minimums can be maintained from the MAP to the heliport or execute a
missed approach. If the pilot determines that the applicable basic VFR weather minimums can be
maintained to the heliport the pilot may proceed VFR. If the visual segment is in Class B, C, D, or the surface
area of Class E airspace, it may require the pilot to obtain a Special VFR clearance.
Example 2:
For an operator to proceed VFR under Part 135, a minimum visibility of 1/2 SM during the day and 1 SM at
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：
Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)仪表程序手册上(163)
