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Elevator. The horizontal, movable primary control surface in the tail section, or empennage, of an airplane. The elevator is hinged to the trailing edge of the fixed horizontal stabilizer.
Elevator illusion. The sensation of being in a climb or descent, caused by the kind of abrupt vertical accelerations that result from up- or downdrafts.
Emergency. A distress or urgent condition.
Empennage. The section of the airplane that consists of the vertical stabilizer, the horizontal stabilizer, and the associated control surfaces.
Emphasis error. The result of giving too much attention to a particular instrument during the cross-check, instead of relying on a combination of instruments necessary for attitude and performance information.
Empty-field myopia. Induced nearsightedness that is associated with flying at night, in instrument meteorological conditions and/or reduced visibility. With nothing to focus on, the eyes automatically focus on a point just slightly ahead of the airplane.
EM wave. Electromagnetic wave.
Encoding altimeter. A special type of pressure altimeter used to send a signal to the air traffic controller on the ground, showing the pressure altitude the aircraft is flying.
Engine pressure ratio (EPR). The ratio of turbine discharge pressure divided by compressor inlet pressure, which is used as an indication of the amount of thrust being developed by a turbine engine.
En route facilities ring. Depicted in the plan view of IAP charts, a circle which designates NAVAIDs, fixes, and intersections that are part of the en route low altitude airway structure.
En Route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS). An en route weather-only AFSS service.
En route high-altitude charts. Aeronautical charts for en route instrument navigation at or above 18,000 feet MSL.
En route low-altitude charts. Aeronautical charts for en route IFR navigation below 18,000 feet MSL.
EPR. See engine pressure ratio.
Equilibrium. A condition that exists within a body when the sum of the moments of all of the forces acting on the body is equal to zero. In aerodynamics, equilibrium is when all opposing forces acting on an aircraft are balanced (steady, unaccelerated flight conditions).
Equivalent airspeed. Airspeed equivalent to CAS in standard atmosphere at sea level. As the airspeed and pressure altitude increase, the CAS becomes higher than it should be, and a correction for compression must be subtracted from the CAS.
Evaporation. The transformation of a liquid to a gaseous state, such as the change of water to water vapor.
Exhaust gas temperature (EGT). The temperature of the exhaust gases as they leave the cylinders of a reciprocating engine or the turbine section of a turbine engine.
Expect-further-clearance (EFC). The time a pilot can expect to receive clearance beyond a clearance limit.
Explosive decompression. A change in cabin pressure faster than the lungs can decompress. Lung damage is possible.
FA. See area forecast.
FAA. Federal Aviation Administration.
FAF. See final approach fix.
False horizon. Inaccurate visual information for aligning the aircraft, caused by various natural and geometric formations that disorient the pilot from the actual horizon.
FDI. See flight director indicator.
Federal airways. Class E airspace areas that extend upward from 1,200 feet to, but not including, 18,000 feet MSL, unless otherwise specified.
Feeder facilities. Used by ATC to direct aircraft to intervening fixes between the en route structure and the initial approach fix.
Final approach. Part of an instrument approach procedure in which alignment and descent for landing are accomplished.
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Final approach fix (FAF). The fix from which the IFR final approach to an airport is executed, and which identifies the beginning of the final approach segment. An FAF is designated on government charts by a Maltese cross symbol for nonprecision approaches, and a lightning bolt symbol for precision approaches.
Fixating. Staring at a single instrument, thereby interrupting the cross-check process.
Fixed-pitch propellers. Propellers with fixed blade angles. Fixed-pitch propellers are designed as climb propellers, cruise propellers, or standard propellers.
Fixed slot. A fixed, nozzle shaped opening near the leading edge of a wing that ducts air onto the top surface of the wing. Its purpose is to increase lift at higher angles of attack.
FL. See flight level.
Flameout. A condition in the operation of a gas turbine engine in which the fire in the engine goes out due to either too much or too little fuel sprayed into the combustors.
Flaps. Hinged portion of the trailing edge between the ailerons and fuselage. In some aircraft ailerons and flaps are interconnected to produce full-span “flaperons.” In either case, flaps change the lift and drag on the wing.
Floor load limit. The maximum weight the floor can sustain per square inch/foot as provided by the manufacturer.
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Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge航空知识手册3(85)
