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Sources for Airport Data
When a pilot flies into a different airport, it is important to review the current data for that airport. This data provides the pilot with information, such as communication frequencies, services available, closed runways, or airport construction. Three common sources of information are:
• Aeronautical Charts
• Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD)
• Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs)
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Figure 13-2. Airport/Facility Directory excerpt.Aeronautical Charts
Aeronautical charts provide specific information on airports. Chapter 15, Navigation, contains an excerpt from an aeronautical chart and an aeronautical chart legend, which provides guidance on interpreting the information on the chart.Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD)
The A/FD provides the most comprehensive information on a given airport. It contains information on airports, heliports, and seaplane bases that are open to the public. The A/FD is published in seven books, which are organized by regions and are revised every 56 days. The A/FD is also available digitally at www.naco.faa.gov. Figure 13-2 contains an excerpt from a directory. For a complete listing of information provided in an A/FD and how the information may be decoded, refer to the “Directory Legend Sample” located in the front of each A/FD.
In addition to airport information, each A/FD contains information such as special notices, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and National Weather Service (NWS) telephone numbers, preferred instrument flight rules (IFR) routing, visual flight rules (VFR) waypoints, a listing of very high frequency (VHF) omnidirectional range (VOR) receiver checkpoints, aeronautical chart bulletins, land and hold short operations (LAHSO) for selected airports, airport diagrams for selected towered airports, en route flight advisory service (EFAS) outlets, parachute jumping areas, and facility telephone numbers. It would be helpful to review an A/FD to become familiar with the information it contains.Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs)
NOTAMs provide the most current information available. They provide time-critical information on airports and changes that affect the national airspace system (NAS) and are of concern to IFR operations. NOTAM information is classified into three categories. These are NOTAM-D or distant, NOTAM-L or local, and flight data center (FDC) NOTAMs. NOTAM-Ds are attached to hourly weather reports and are available at automated flight service stations (AFSS) or FSS.
FDC NOTAMs are issued by the National Flight Data Center and contain regulatory information, such as temporary flight restrictions or an amendment to instrument approach
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9A4ATerminalLEGEND4In-Pavement Runway Guard LightsElevated Runway Guard LightsStop BarCenterline/Lead-On LightsClearance Bar LightsPosition MarkingTaxiway Edge Marking (Do Not Cross)Surface PaintedRunway MarkingStop Bar/ILS HoldNon-Movement AreaVehicle Lanes(Zipper Style)Taxiway/Taxiway Hold MarkingHold Marking forLand and Hold Short Operations
Figure 13-3. Selected airport markings and surface lighting.
procedures. The NOTAM-Ds and FDC NOTAMs are contained in the NOTAM publication, which is issued every 28 days. Prior to any flight, pilots should check for any NOTAMs that could affect their intended flight.
NOTAM-D information includes such data as taxiway closures, personnel and equipment near or crossing runways, and airport lighting aids that do not affect instrument approach criteria, such as visual approach slope indicator (VASI). NOTAM-D information is distributed locally only and is not attached to the hourly weather reports. A separate file of local NOTAMs is maintained at each FSS for facilities in their area only. NOTAM-D information for other FSS areas must be specifically requested directly from the FSS that has responsibility for the airport concerned. Airport Markings and Signs
There are markings and signs used at airports, which provide directions and assist pilots in airport operations. Some of the most common markings and signs are discussed. Additional information may be found in Chapter 2, Aeronautical Lighting and Other Airport Visual Aids, in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM).Runway Markings
Runway markings vary depending on the type of operations conducted at the airport. Figure 13-3 shows a runway that is approved as a precision instrument approach runway and some other common runway markings. A basic VFR runway may only have centerline markings and runway numbers.
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Road
way edge stripes,white, continuous 6"(15 cm) wideRoadway stop line,white, 2' (0.67 m) wide,across the approachlane (see text for additional requirements)Roadway edge stripes (see text) white, zipper styleRoadway lane line white 6" (15 cm) wide dashes 15' (4.5 m) long with spaces between dashes 25' (7.5 m) longTaxiway centerline markingTaxiway edge marking (dashed)Not to scale
Figure 13-4. Vehicle roadway markings.
Since aircraft are affected by the wind during takeoffs and landings, runways are laid out according to the local prevailing winds. Runway numbers are in reference to magnetic north. Certain airports have two or even three runways laid out in the same direction. These are referred to as parallel runways and are distinguished by a letter added to the runway number (e.g., runway 36L (left), 36C (center), and 36R (right)).
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Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge航空知识手册3(2)
