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Differential ailerons. Control surface rigged such that the aileron moving up moves a greater distance than the aileron moving down. The up aileron produces extra parasite drag to compensate for the additional induced drag caused by the down aileron. This balancing of the drag forces helps minimize adverse yaw.
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). A system that improves the accuracy of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) by measuring changes in variables to provide satellite positioning corrections.
Differential pressure. A difference between two pressures. The measurement of airspeed is an example of the use of differential pressure.
Dihedral. The positive acute angle between the lateral axis of an airplane and a line through the center of a wing or horizontal stabilizer. Dihedral contributes to the lateral stability of an airplane.
G-10
Diluter-demand oxygen system. An oxygen system that delivers oxygen mixed or diluted with air in order to maintain a constant oxygen partial pressure as the altitude changes.
Direct indication. The true and instantaneous reflection of aircraft pitch-and-bank attitude by the miniature aircraft, relative to the horizon bar of the attitude indicator.
Direct User Access Terminal System (DUATS). A system that provides current FAA weather and flight plan filing services to certified civil pilots, via personal computer, modem, or telephone access to the system. Pilots can request specific types of weather briefings and other pertinent data for planned flights.
Directional stability. Stability about the vertical axis of an aircraft, whereby an aircraft tends to return, on its own, to flight aligned with the relative wind when disturbed from that equilibrium state. The vertical tail is the primary contributor to directional stability, causing an airplane in flight to align with the relative wind.
Distance circle. See reference circle.
Distance measuring equipment (DME). A pulse-type electronic navigation system that shows the pilot, by an instrument-panel indication, the number of nautical miles between the aircraft and a ground station or waypoint.
DME. See distance measuring equipment.
DME arc. A flight track that is a constant distance from the station or waypoint.
DOD. Department of Defense.
Doghouse. A turn-and-slip indicator dial mark in the shape of a doghouse.
Domestic Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (DRVSM). Additional flight levels between FL 290 and FL 410 to provide operational, traffic, and airspace efficiency.
Double gimbal. A type of mount used for the gyro in an attitude instrument. The axes of the two gimbals are at right angles to the spin axis of the gyro, allowing free motion in two planes around the gyro.
DP. See departure procedure.
Drag. The net aerodynamic force parallel to the relative wind, usually the sum of two components: induced drag and parasite drag.
Drag curve. The curve created when plotting induced drag and parasite drag.
Drift angle. Angle between heading and track.
DRVSM. See Domestic Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum.
DUATS. See direct user access terminal system.
Duplex. Transmitting on one frequency and receiving on a separate frequency.
Dutch roll. A combination of rolling and yawing oscillations that normally occurs when the dihedral effects of an aircraft are more powerful than the directional stability. Usually dynamically stable but objectionable in an airplane because of the oscillatory nature.
Dynamic hydroplaning. A condition that exists when landing on a surface with standing water deeper than the tread depth of the tires. When the brakes are applied, there is a possibility that the brake will lock up and the tire will ride on the surface of the water, much like a water ski. When the tires are hydroplaning, directional control and braking action are virtually impossible. An effective anti-skid system can minimize the effects of hydroplaning.
Dynamic stability. The property of an aircraft that causes it, when disturbed from straight-and-level flight, to develop forces or moments that restore the original condition of straight and level.
Eddy currents. Current induced in a metal cup or disc when it is crossed by lines of flux from a moving magnet.
Eddy current damping. The decreased amplitude of oscillations by the interaction of magnetic fields. In the case of a vertical card magnetic compass, flux from the oscillating permanent magnet produces eddy currents in a damping disk or cup. The magnetic flux produced by the eddy currents opposes the flux from the permanent magnet and decreases the oscillations.
EFAS. See En Route Flight Advisory Service.
EFC. See expect-further-clearance.
EFD. See electronic flight display.
EGT. See exhaust gas temperature.
G-11
Electronic flight display (EFD). For the purpose of standardization, any flight instrument display that uses LCD or other image-producing system (cathode ray tube (CRT), etc.)
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Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge航空知识手册3(84)
