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mission requirement
Leadership
Listens to concerns ✔
Identify short term plan Request
information
✔
Identify long term plan Volunteer
information
✔
Critique plan Ignore request for
information
Gather information ✔ Provide
information when
requested
✔
Cross-check information ✔ Repeat vital
information
✔
State contingencies/
Alternatives
Pass instructions/
give orders
✔
State consequences of
actions
Ask for repeat of
what was said
(couldn’t hear)
✔
State implications of
unplanned events
Acknowledge
communication
✔
Mission
Analysis/Decision
Making
Allocate and monitor
resources
✔ Ask for clarification
of information
✔
Alter course of action Verify information
Assist other faced with
problem
✔ Use standard
terminology
✔
Redistribute workload Use non-standard
terminology
✔
Reorganise team roles General discussion
of task issues
✔
Adaptability/
Flexibility
Monitor other’s
behaviour
✔
Communication
Asking for
quiet/no chatter
✔
Identify problem ✔ Banter ✔
Detect situation that
requires corrective action.
✔ Sarcastic/belittling
tone
✔
Provide update of where
team is in relation goals
✔
Morale
Humorous tone ✔
Identify impediments to
goal attainment
Provide information prior
to request
✔
Anticipate change in the
situation
Anticipate need of other
team member
Ask for clarification of
tasks (the task is to…)
✔
Situation Awareness
Clarify roles (your job is
to…)
✔
DSTO-TR-1034
25
Project: Team Performance Measurement Date: 24/0/2000
Time: 2100-2300 Observer: VM Subject: OPS Cell
Assertiveness
Mission Analysis/
Decision Making
Adaptability/
Flexibility
Situation
Awareness
Communication
Leadership
Morale
Time
Duty Officer
Duty Clerk
Signals Officer
Duty Officer
Duty Clerk
Signals Officer
Duty Officer
Duty Clerk
Signals Officer
Duty Officer
Duty Clerk
Signals Officer
Duty Officer
Duty Clerk
Signals Officer
Duty Officer
Duty Clerk
Signals Officer
Duty Officer
Duty Clerk
Signals Officer
Comments
0:05:00
0:10:00
0:15:00
0:20:00
0:25:00
0:30:00
0:35:30
0:40:00
0:45:30
0:50:00
0:55:00
1:00:00
1:05:00
1:10:00
1:15:00
1:20:00
1:25:00
1:30:00
1:35:30
1:40:00
1:45:30
1:50:00
1:55:00
2:00:00
Total
Figure 7. Data sheet used for recording frequencies of team behaviours. Each time a behaviour
is observed, a code is entered in the relevant time interval. NB. Actual data sheet displayed
one hour per A4 page. This allowed boxes to easily fit codes.
8.1.3 Taskwork Category Parameters
8.1.3.1 Observable Task Behaviour
As was mentioned, the taskwork categories were not pre-determined. Goals and key
duties were identified on the first night, while nights 2-3 were spent assessing
whether it was possible to classify the tasks in terms of physical and cognitive load,
temporal organisation. It should be noted that the Officer in Charge, LOs, and Search
Cell were rarely present in the HQ meaning that observations of task work focussed
on OPS and INT.
The general roles of OPS and INT are described in Section 8.1.1. Because of the
limited time available for observations, and the focus on team behaviour, it was not
feasible to perform a detailed task analysis. Instead, it was only possible to produce
crude measures of workload. Table 6 details the factors and examples of the
observable actions. As can be seen, measuring physical load was relatively
straightforward, with activities coded into basic actions. It was also possible to
record details of how the task was performed, including mode of communication,
the medium used for transmission of communication, method by which
DSTO-TR-1034
26
communication was stored or displayed to group, as well as the origin/destination
of the action. Likewise, temporal load could be measured by calculating total time
taken to perform a specific task, as well as the sequence in which actions were
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