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way of recording data. The data sheet will reflect sampling methods, information to
be recorded, number of subjects, duration of sample period and method of analysis
(hand or computer). Each sheet should include project title, date, time, weather (if
applicable), observer, subject/s, phase and/or condition, and trial number (if
applicable). There should also be a space for comments (Ad Libitum type). It is not
unusual for several data sheets to be trialed before one is chosen for formal data
collection. Issues to be considered include methodology, behaviour categories,
sample rate, and the organisation on paper of the behaviours in a way that facilitates
data collection. Categories can be organised in terms of their tempo, functional
organisation, or can simply be alphabetical. Figures 1 to 6 provide example data
sheets for the various sampling methods.
In general, behaviours are recorded in the columns, while time is recorded in rows.
Behaviours are recorded by making a check mark/tick in the appropriate cell, or
inserting the code. If the codes have to be written, the box needs to be large enough
to accommodate the chosen symbols. This method works for continuous and scan
sampling. To record sequences of behaviour, codes for actors, behaviours and
recipients can be written in the order in which they occur (Figure 6). This can be done
within a time interval or at the onset of the behaviour sequence. It is also possible to
use a matrix. For example, individuals or behaviours can be located across the top of
the form, while locations or behaviours can be presented down the side. This
approach uses a specified duration per sheet (eg. per 30 minutes). Thus, it still gives
crude temporal patterns across long cycles, and allows analysis of relationships
between variables.
If location is a critical variable, an alternative approach to the check sheet is to use an
actual map. The observer simply marks the map with a behaviour or an individual
code at each interval. This allows analysis of the efficiency of movement, task and/or
individual locations.
Project: The Effect of BCSS on Workload Date:
31/03/2003 Time: 1300-1330
Observer: VM Subject: OPS Cell Phase: No BCSS Trial
Number: 3
Interval Beh. 1 Beh. 2 Beh. 3 Beh. 4 Beh. 5 Other Not
Visible
Comments
0:00:30
0:01:00
0:01:30
0:02:00
0:02:30
0:03:00
0:03:30
0:04:00
0:04:30
0:05:00
Total 2 2 0 2 0 3 1 10 scans
Percent 20% 20% 0 20% 0 30% 10% 100%
Figure 1. Data sheet used for scan sampling of mutually exclusive and exhaustive specific behaviours.
Note that each interval has a tick, and there is only one per row. Also, the sheet contains detail on
project, date, time, observer, subject, phase, and trial number.
DSTO-TR-1034
14
Project: The Effect of BCSS on Workload Date:
31/03/2003 Time: 1300-1330
Observer: VM Subject: OPS Cell Phase: No BCSS Trial
Number: 3
Location Behaviour
Interval Loc. 1 Loc. 2 Loc. 3 Beh. 1 Beh. 2 Beh. 3
Not
Visible Comments
0:00:30
0:01:00
0:01:30
0:02:00
0:02:30
0:03:00
0:03:30
0:04:00
0:04:30
0:05:00
Total 2 2 5 2 1 2 1 15 scans
Percent 20% 20% 50% 20% 10% 20% 10%
Figure 2. Data sheet used for recording mixed scan categories. At each interval, either a location or
“not visible” is recorded (mutually exclusive and exhaustive). One of the behaviours may also be
checked.
Project: The Effect of BCSS on Workload Date:
31/03/2003 Time: 1300-1330
Observer: VM Subject: OPS Cell Phase: No BCSS Trial
Number: 3
Time Beh. 1 Beh. 2 Beh. 3 Beh. 4 Beh. 6 Beh. 7 Other Comments
0:00:30
0:01:00
0:01:30
0:02:00
0:02:30
0:03:00
0:03:30
0:04:00
0:04:30
0:05:00
Total 4 1 4 3 0 1 3 = 16 onsets
Figure 3. Data sheet used for recording behaviour frequencies of specific behaviours. Each time the
onset of a behaviour is observed, a tick is recorded in the relevant time interval. Multiple observations
can occur per interval, and some rows may have no data as no new onsets have occurred.
Project: The Effect of BCSS on Workload Date:
31/03/2003 Time: 1300-1330
Observer: VM Subject: OPS Cell Phase: No BCSS Trial
Number: 3
Scan Continuous Frequency
Interval Beh. 1 Beh. 2 Beh. 3 Beh. 1 Beh. 2 Beh. 3
Not
Visible Comments
0:00:30
0:01:00
0:01:30
0:02:00
0:02:30
0:03:00
0:03:30
0:04:00
0:04:30
0:05:00
Total 2 3 5 2 7 3
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