罗尔斯-罗伊斯公司
“康维”（Conway）发动机
Rolls-Royce Conway
Rolls-Royce RM60
RM60发动机是按英国海军部要求设计的，这是具有良好巡航经济性的 发动机。虽然它是以航空发动机为基础，但从开始就是作为船用燃气发动机设计的。两台RM60发动机于1953年在以前的蒸汽发动机炮艇HMS Grey Goose号上下海。这是世界上第一艘以燃气涡轮发动机为动力的战舰。
Produced in response to an Admiralty contract for a coastal-craft engine with good cruising economy, the RM60, although based on aeroengine philosophy, was designed from the first as a marine gas turbine. Two RM60s went to sea in 1953 in the former steam gunboat HMS Grey Goose, the world's first warship to be powered solely by gas turbines.
罗尔斯-罗伊斯公司
RM60发动机
20: Thrust distribution
第二十章 推力分布
INTRODUCTION
绪言
推力分布
计算推力的方法
发动机推力计算
压气机机匣
扩散器涵道
燃烧室
涡轮装置
排气袋置和喷管
推进喷管
发动机
倾斜燃烧室
加力燃烧
推力分布
2．图20-1是一种典型的单转子轴流式涡轮喷气发动机，表示了主要的向前的和向后的力作用于何处。用第2章表示的发动机工作循环可解释这些力的来源。
1. Although the principles of jet propulsion (see Part 1) will be familiar to the reader, the distribution of the thrust forces within the engine may appear somewhat obscure- These forces are in effect gas loads resulting from the pressure and momentum changes of the gas stream reacting on the engine structure and on the rotating components. They are in some locations forward propelling forces and in others opposing or rearward forces. The amount that
Contents
Introduction Distribution of the thrust forces Method of calculating the thrust forces Calculating the thrust of the engine
Compressor casing Diffuser duct Combustion chambers Turbine assembly Exhaust unit and jet pipe Propelling nozzle Engine Inclined combustion chambers
Afterburning
Page 207 207 209 209
212
绪言
1．虽然喷气推进原理(见第1章)对读者来说可能是熟悉的。但是，对发动机内部的推力分布可能会有点不太清楚。这些力实际上是燃气流的压力和动量变化导致的气体载荷对发动机结构件和转动部件产生的反作用力。在一些位置，它们是向前的推进力，在另外一些地方，则是相反的即向后的力。向前的力的总和超过向后的力的总和的总额通常被称作发动机的额定推力。
the sum of the forward forces exceeds the sum of the rearward forces is normally known as the rated thrust of the engine.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE THRUST FORCES
2. The diagram in fig. 20-1 is of a typical single-spool axial flow turbo-jet engine and illustrates where the main forward and rearward forces act. The origin of these forces is explained by following the engine working cycle shown in Part 2.
207
3.在喜欢开始时，空气被吸入发动机并被压缩。通过压气机各级的向后加速和总的压力升高产生一个很大的向前的反作用力。在空气流程的下一步，空气通过扩压气。它在这里产生一个小的反作用力，方向也向前。
5.当膨胀的燃气离开燃烧室和流经导向器叶片时，它们被加速并偏转到涡轮的工作叶片上（第5章）。由于燃气流的加速和偏转，加上后来进入喷管时变直，就产生了相当大的“阻力”；因而静止叶片和转动叶片都受到很大的向后的力，其大小可在图中看出。当燃气流通过排气系统（第6章）时，较小的向前的力可作用于内锥或尾锥上。但一般来说，只产生向后的力，它们是由于燃气流在推进喷管中的“阻力”所致。
6.可以看到，在空气通过发动机时，其速度和压力会发生变化（第2章）。例如，在需要将速度（动）能转换成压力能的地方，通道呈扩散形，与用于压气机扩压器上的形状类似。相反，在需要将储存在燃烧后的燃气中的能量转换成速度的地方，就采用与涡轮中类似的收敛通道或喷管。在转换成速度能的地方，就产生“阻力”载荷或向后的力；在转换成压力能的地方，就产生向前的力。第2章中的图2-3表示了发动机上这两处的速度和压力变化。
Thrust distribution
图20-1 一种典型的单转子轴流式发动机的推力分布
Fig. 20-1 Thrust distribution of a typical single-spool axial flow engine.
排气装置
和喷管
燃烧室
涡轮
扩压器
压气机
推进喷管
4.空气从扩压气进入燃烧室（第4章），在那里受到加热。气体在后来的膨胀和加速中，在燃烧室壁上作用有很大的向前的力。
向后的燃气载荷46，678磅
向前的燃气载荷57，836磅
3.
At the start of the cycle, air is induced into the engine and is compressed. The rearward accelera-tions through the compressor stages and the resultant pressure rise produces a large reactive force in a forward direction. On the next stage of its journey the air passes through the diffuser where it exerts a small reactive force, also in a forward direction,
4.
From the diffuser the air passes into the combustion chambers (Part 4) where it is heated, and in the consequent expansion and acceleration of the gas large forward forces are exerted on the chamber walls.
5.
When the expanding gases leave the combustion chambers and flow through the nozzle guide vanes they are accelerated and deflected on to the blades of the turbine (Part 5). Due to the acceleration and deflection, together with the subsequent straighten-ing of the gas flow as it enters the jet pipe, consider-able 'drag' results; thus the vanes and blades are subjected to large rearward forces, the magnitude of
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