pipe. The reverser casing is connected to the aircraft structure or directly to the engine. The casing supports the two reverser doors, the operating mechanism and, in the case of the clamshell door system, the outlet ducts that contain the cascade vanes. The angle and area of the gas stream are controlled by the number of vanes in each outlet duct.
21.
The clamshell and bucket target doors lie flush with the casing during forward thrust operation and are hinged along the centre line of the jet pipe. They are, therefore, in line with the main gas load and this ensures that the minimum force is required to move the doors.
22.
Both the clamshell door system and the bucket target system are subjected to high temperatures and to high gas loads. The components of both systems, especially the doors, are therefore
constructed from heat-resisting materials and are of particularly robust construction.
23. The cold stream thrust reverser casing (fig. 15-7) is fitted between the low pressure compressor casing and the cold stream final nozzle. Cascade vane assemblies are arranged in segments around the circumference of the thrust reverser casing. Blocker doors are internally mounted and are 22．无论是哈壳形门系统还是戽斗式盾牌系统均承受高温和高燃气载荷。因此，这两个系统的部件，尤其是门，必须用耐热材料和特别坚固的结构制成。
Thrust reversal
connected by linkages to the external movable (translating) cowl, which is mounted on rollers and tracks. Because the thrust reverser is not subjected to high temperatures, the casing, blocker doors and cowl are constructed mainly of aluminium alloys or composite materials. The cowl is double-skinned, with the space between the skins containing noise 23.冷气流反推器机匣(图15-7)装在低压压气机机匣和冷气流尾喷口之间。叶栅叶片组合件沿反推器机匣的圆周呈扇形排列。阻流门安装在里面，通过连杆与外部可移动的(平移)整流罩相连接，可移动的整流罩装在一些滚棒和轨道上。因为反推器不承受高温，所以机匣、阻流式门和可移动整流罩主要是由铝合金或复合材料制成。可移动整流罩为双层蒙皮结构，蒙皮之间包含有吸音材料(见第19章)。
absorbent material (Part 19).
涡轮联合公司
RB199发动机
Turbo-Union RB199
英国的第一种轴流式涡轮喷气发动机,研制始于1940年。装在阿弗罗公司的“兰开斯特”（Lancaster）飞机的尾部。开始飞行试验后，在格洛斯特公司的飞机上安装了两台F2于1943年11月13日进行了首次飞行。在早期出现的问题后，发展了F2/4绿玉“（Beryl），推力达到4000磅，并且作为桑德斯-罗公司（Saunders Roe)的SR/A1飞艇战斗机。
Metrovick F2/4 Beryl
Development of the F2, the first British axial flow turbo-jet, began in f 940. After initial flight trials in the tail of an Avro Lancaster, two F2s were installed in a Gloster Meteor and first flew on 13 November 1943. After early problems the F2/4 Beryl was developed which gave up to 4000 lb thrust and was used to power the Saunders Roe SR/A1 flying boat fighter.
梅特罗维克公司
F2／4“绿玉”发动机
16: Afterburning
Contents
Introduction Operation of afterburning 绪言
加力燃烧的工作
结构
Construction
Burners Jet pipe 喷嘴
喷管
推进喷管
Propelling nozzle
Control system Thrust increase 控制系统
推力的增加
燃油消耗
Fuel consumption
第十六章 加力燃烧
绪言
1．加力燃烧(或复燃)是增加发动机基本推力以提高飞机的起飞、爬升及军用飞机的作战性能的一种方法。可以使用较大的发动机以获得推力增加。但是因为这样做会增加飞机的重量，迎风面积及总的油耗。加力燃烧是在短时间内增加推力的最好方法。
2．加力燃烧包括在发动机涡轮和喷管的推进喷口之间喷油和燃烧，这样可利用排气流中的未燃烧的氧气来支持燃烧(图16-1)。结果，排气温度增加使离开推进喷管的喷气速度增加，因此也增加了发动机的推力。
INTRODUCTION
1. Afterburning (or reheat) is a method of augmenting the basic thrust of an engine to improve the aircraft take-off, climb and (for military aircraft) combat performance. The increased power could be obtained by the use of a larger engine, but as this would increase the weight, frontal area and overall fuel consumption, afterburning provides the best method of thrust augmentation for short periods.
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3．由于加力燃烧室的火焰温度可大于l700℃，通常便把燃油喷嘴安排得使火焰集中在喷管中心线的周围。这就允许一部分涡轮排气沿着喷管壁流动，从而使喷管壁面的温度保持在一个安全的数值。
2.
Afterburning consists of the introduction and burning of fuel between the engine turbine and the jet pipe propelling nozzle, utilizing the unburned oxygen in the exhaust gas to support combustion (fig. 16-1). The resultant increase in the temperature of the exhaust gas gives an increased velocity of the jet leaving the propelling nozzle and therefore increases the engine thrust.
3.
As the temperature of the afterburner flame can be in excess of 1,700 deg. C., the burners are usually arranged so that the flame is concentrated around the axis of the jet pipe. This allows a proportion of the turbine discharge gas to flow along the wall of the jet pipe and thus maintain the wall temperature at a safe value.
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