Introduction
This book has been written to provide a simple and self-contained description of the working and underlying principles of the aero gas turbine engine. The use of complex formulae and the language of the specialist have been avoided to allow for a clear and concise presentation of the essential facts. Only such description and formulae, therefore, as are necessary to the understanding of the function and the theory of the engine are included. It will be noted that the emphasis in this book is on the turbo-jet engine and that no special part deals with the propeller-turbine engine. This is because the working principles of both engine types are essentially the same. However where differences in function or application do exist, these are described. The aero gas turbine is being continually developed to provide improved performance for each new generation of aircraft; the fourth edition of this book has been revised and expanded to include the latest aero gas engine technology.
Rolls-Royce RB183 Mk 555
On 1 April, 1943, Rolls-Royce assumed responsibility for the Power Jets W2B which, a month earlier, had made its first flight in the Gloster E28/39 at 1200lb thrust. Later known as the B23 Welland it was, during April, put through a 100 hr test at the design rating of 1600 Ib thrust. In June, 1943, it flew in a Gloster Meteor at 1400lb thrust. Production Welland-Meteors were in action against V-1 flying bombs in August 1944.
Rolls-Royce B23 Welland
1: Basic mechanics
Contents Page
Introduction 1
Principles of jet propulsion 2
喷气推进原理
喷气推进方式
3. 1930年弗兰克 惠特尔取得了他的使用燃气轮机产生推进喷气的第一个专利。但11年后他的发动机才完成首次飞行。惠特尔的这种发动机形成了现代燃气涡轮发动机的基础，并且从它发展出罗尔斯－罗伊斯公司的“维兰德”，“德温特”，“尼恩”和“达特”发动机。“德温特”和“尼恩”涡轮喷气发动机获得了世界性军事应用；“达特”涡轮螺桨发动机作为维克斯公司“子爵”飞机的动力装置而闻名于世。虽然其它飞机可能装用了后来的被称为双轴，三轴，内外涵，涵道风扇，无涵道风扇和螺桨风扇的发动机，但是，这些都是惠特尔的早期发动机的必然发展。
Methods of jet propulsion 3
1.燃气涡轮发动机作为飞机的动力装置发展神速，以致很难想象50年代以前还几乎无人听说过这种飞机推进方式。使用反作用喷气的可能性令飞机设计师们向往已久，但在最初存在很多障碍，这是因为早期飞机的速度很低和活塞发动机不适合于产生 “喷气式”所必需的大量高速气流。
2.法国工程师雷因 洛兰1913年获得一项喷气推进发动机（图1-1）的专利。但这是一种冲压式喷气发动机（第11段），但是还无法制造或使用，因为那时还未研制出合适的耐热材料。其次，喷气推进在当时飞机的低速度下效率会极差。然而，今天的现代化冲压喷气与洛兰的构想非常相似。
INTRODUCTION
1.
The development of the gas turbine engine as an aircraft power plant has been so rapid that it is difficult to appreciate that prior to the 1950s very few people had heard of this method of aircraft propulsion. The possibility of using a reaction jet had interested aircraft designers for a long time, but initially the low speeds of early aircraft and the unsuitably of a piston engine for producing the large high velocity airflow necessary for the ”jet‘ presented many obstacles.
2.
A French engineer, René Lorin, patented a jet propulsion engine (fig. 1-1) in 1913, but this was an athodyd (para. 11) and was at that period impossible to manufacture or use, since suitable heat resisting materials had not then been developed and, in the second place, jet propulsion would have been extremely inefficient at the low speeds of the aircraft of those days. However, today the modern ram jet is very similar to Lorin's conception.
“WWW”设置的“Marked”
3.
In 1930 Frank Whittle was granted his first patent for using a gas turbine to produce a propulsive jet,
燃烧室
but it was eleven years before his engine completed its first flight. The Whittle engine formed the basis of the modern gas turbine engine, and from it was developed the Rolls-Royce Welland, Derwent, Nene and Dart engines. The Derwent and Nene turbo-jet engines had world-wide military applications; the Dart turbo-propeller engine became world famous as the power plant for the Vickers Viscount aircraft. Although other aircraft may be fitted; with later engines termed twin-spool, triple-spool, by-pass, ducted fan, unducted fan and propfan, these are inevitable developments of Whittle's early engine.
推进喷管
喷气推进原理
6.喷气推进是伊萨克·牛顿（Isaac Newton）爵士的运动第三定律的实际应用。该定律表述为，作用在一物体上的每
一个力都有一方向相反大小相等的反作用力。” 就飞机推进而言，“物体”是通过发动机时受到加速的大气中的空气。产生这一加速度所需的力有一大小相等方向相反的反作用力作用在产生这一加速度的装置上。喷气发动机用类似于发动机/螺旋桨组合的方式产生推力。二者均靠将大量气体向后推（图1-3）来推进飞机，一种是以比较低速的大量空气滑流的形式，而另一种是以极高速的燃气喷气流形式。
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