ISBN 0 902121 2 35
© Rolls-Royce plc 1986
Fifth edition
Reprinted 1996 with revisions.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including
photocopying and recording or storing in a retrieval system of
any nature without the written permission of the copyright owner.
Application for such permission should be addressed to:
The Technical Publications Department
Rolls-Royce plc
Derby
England
Colour reproduction by
GH Graphics Ltd.
Printed in Great Britain by
Renault Printing Co Ltd
Birmingham England B44 8BS
For Rolls-Royce plc
Derby
England
ISBN 0902121 235
Acknowledgements
The following illustrations appear by kind permission of the
companies listed.
Rolls-Royce/Snecma Olympus page 11
Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Ltd. Adour Mk102 page 45
AdourMk151 page 199
RTM322 Turboshaft page 243
Boeing Commercial Airplane Company page 144
Turbo-Union Ltd. RB199 page 169
IAE International Aero Engines AG V2500 page 251
Contents
1 Basic mechanics 1
2 Working cycle and airflow 11
3 Compressors 19
4 Combustion chambers 35
5 Turbines 45
6 Exhaust system 59
7 Accessory drives 65
8 Lubrication 73
9 Internal air system 85
10 Fuel system 95
11 Starting and ignition 121
12 Controls and instrumentation 133
13 Ice protection 147
14 Fire protection 153
15 Thrust reversal 159
16 Afterburning 169
17 Water injection 181
18 Vertical/short take-off and landing 187
19 Noise suppression 199
20 Thrust distribution 207
21 Performance 215
22 Manufacture 229
23 Power plant installation 243
24 Maintenance 251
25 Overhaul 263
Appendix 1; Conversion factors 277
Rolls-Royce Trent 800
Developed from the RB211, the Trent covers a thrust range of 71,000 lb to 92,000 lb thrust, with the capability
to grow beyond 100,000 lb. The Trent 800 features a 110 inch diameter wide-chord fan, high flow compressors
and Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC).
Detailed engineering design began in 1988 to meet the propulsion requirements of the Airbus A330 (Trent 700)
and Boeing 777 (Trent 800). The Trent first ran in August 1990, and in January 1994 a Trent 800 demonstrated
a world record thrust of 106,087 lb.
The engine entered service in March 1995 in the Airbus A330.
Introduction
This book has been written to provide a simple and
self-contained description of the working and
underlying principles of the aero gas turbine engine.
The use of complex formulae and the language of
the specialist have been avoided to allow for a clear
and concise presentation of the essential facts. Only
such description and formulae, therefore, as are
necessary to the understanding of the function and
the theory of the engine are included.
It will be noted that the emphasis in this book is on
the turbo-jet engine and that no special part deals
with the propeller-turbine engine. This is because the
working principles of both engine types are
essentially the same. However where differences in
function or application do exist, these are described.
The aero gas turbine is being continually developed
to provide improved performance for each new
generation of aircraft; the fourth edition of this book
has been revised and expanded to include the latest
aero gas engine technology.
Rolls-Royce RB183 Mk 555
On 1 April, 1943, Rolls-Royce assumed
responsibility for the Power Jets W2B which, a
month earlier, had made its first flight in the
Gloster E28/39 at 1200lb thrust. Later known
as the B23 Welland it was, during April, put
through a 100 hr test at the design rating of
1600 Ib thrust. In June, 1943, it flew in a
Gloster Meteor at 1400lb thrust. Production
Welland-Meteors were in action against V-1
flying bombs in August 1944.
Rolls-Royce B23 Welland
1: Basic mechanics
Contents Page
Introduction 1
Principles of jet propulsion 2
Methods of jet propulsion 3
INTRODUCTION
1. The development of the gas turbine engine as an
aircraft power plant has been so rapid that it is
difficult to appreciate that prior to the 1950s very few
people had heard of this method of aircraft
propulsion. The possibility of using a reaction jet had
interested aircraft designers for a long time, but
initially the low speeds of early aircraft and the
unsuitably of a piston engine for producing the large
high velocity airflow necessary for the ‘jet’ presented
many obstacles.
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