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186 Pilot in command to maintain look out for visual signals
Where radio communication is being used, the pilot in command of an
aircraft shall not thereby be relieved of the responsibility of keeping a
look out for any instructions which may be issued by visual means.
187 Light signals
(1) A light signal directed at a particular aircraft from air traffic control at
an aerodrome has, both by day and by night, the meaning specified in
relation to the signal in Aeronautical Information Publications.
(2) Light signals directed from an aircraft to air traffic control at an
aerodrome have the following meaning:
(a) a green light (made by signalling apparatus or pyrotechnics, but
not by navigation lights) means:
(i) by day—that the aircraft wishes to land in other than the
direction authorised; and
(ii) by night—that the aircraft wishes to land, although not
compelled to do so;
(b) a steady white light directed downward until the landing is made
means—acknowledgement of permission to land.
188 Pyrotechnic signals
A pyrotechnic signal made by air traffic control at an aerodrome has
the meaning specified in relation to the signal in Aeronautical
Information Publications.
189 Ground signals
When displayed at an aerodrome, ground signals shall take the form,
and for all aircraft shall have the meaning, specified, in relation to the
signal, in Aeronautical Information Publications.
360 Civil Aviation Regulations 1988
Legal Services Group Amended CAR – 2nd Ed
Civil Aviation Safety Authority August 2003
Division 2 Special Signals relating to Danger Areas, Prohibited Areas and
Restricted Areas
190 Warning signal
For the purpose of warning an aircraft that it is in the vicinity of a
danger area, a prohibited area or a restricted area and should take
remedial action, the signal used shall be, by day or by night, a series of
projectiles, discharged at intervals of 10 seconds each, showing, on
bursting, red and green lights or stars.
Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 361
Amended CAR – 2nd Ed Legal Services Group
August 2003 Civil Aviation Safety Authority
Division 3 Emergency Signals
191 Transmission of signals
(1) The pilot in command of an aircraft shall transmit or display the
signals specified in this Division according to the degree of emergency
being experienced.
(2) The signals specified in relation to each successive degree of
emergency may be sent either separately or together for any one degree
of emergency.
(3) Nothing in the rules contained in this Division shall prevent the use by
an aircraft in distress of any means at its disposal to attract attention or
make known its position for the purpose of obtaining help.
192 Distress signals
(1) The distress signal shall be transmitted only when the aircraft is
threatened with grave and immediate danger and requires immediate
assistance.
(2) In radio telegraphy, the distress signal shall take the form of SOS
(... – – – ...), sent 3 times, followed by the group DE, sent once, and
the call sign of the aircraft, sent 3 times.
(3) The signal specified in subregulation (2) may be followed by the
automatic alarm signal which consists of a series of 12 dashes, sent in
one minute, the duration of each dash being 4 seconds, and the
duration of the interval between consecutive dashes being one second.
(4) In radiotelephony, the distress signal shall take the form of the word
“MAYDAY”, pronounced 3 times, followed by the words “THIS IS”,
followed by the call sign of the aircraft 3 times.
(5) By other means the distress signal shall take one or more of the
following forms:
(a) the Morse signal ... – – – ... with visual apparatus or with sound
apparatus;
(b) a succession of pyrotechnical lights, fired at short intervals, each
showing a single red light;
(c) the two-flag signal corresponding to the letters NC of the
International Code of Signals;
(d) the distant signal, consisting of a square flag having, either above
or below, a ball or anything resembling a ball;
(e) a parachute flare showing a red light;
(f) a gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of approximately
one minute.
362 Civil Aviation Regulations 1988
Legal Services Group Amended CAR – 2nd Ed
Civil Aviation Safety Authority August 2003
193 Urgency signals
(1) The following signals, used either together or separately, shall be used
by an aircraft for the purpose of giving notice of difficulties which
compel it to land without requiring immediate assistance:
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