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Studies of fatal accidents
Table 3 shows the annual alcohol-related pilot
fatalities in general aviation accidents between 1987
and 1993, as reported by the Forensic Toxicology
Research Section of the FAA Civil Aerospace
Medical Institute. This information is based on the
analysis of blood and tissue samples from pilots
involved in fatal aviation accidents.
Hangovers are dangerous
A hangover effect, produced by alcoholic beverages
after the acute intoxication has worn off, may be just
as dangerous as the intoxication itself. Symptoms
commonly associated with a hangover are
headache, dizziness, dry mouth, stuffy nose, fatigue,
upset stomach, irritability, impaired judgment, and
3
Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR)
91.17
The use of alcohol and drugs by pilots is regulated
by FAR 91.17. Among other provisions, this
regulation states that no person may operate or
attempt to operate an aircraft:
• within 8 hours of having consumed alcohol
• while under the influence of alcohol
• with a blood alcohol content of 0.04% or greater
• while using any drug that adversely affects safety
Keep in mind that regulations alone are no
guarantee that problems won’t occur. It is far more
important for pilots to understand the negative
effects of alcohol and its deadly impact on flight
safety.
General Recommendations
1. As a minimum, adhere to all the guidelines of
FAR 91.17:
• 8 hours from “bottle to throttle”
• do not fly while under the influence of alcohol
• do not fly while using any drug that may
adversely affect safety
2. A more conservative approach is to wait 24 hours
from the last use of alcohol before flying. This is
increased sensitivity to bright light. A pilot with these
symptoms would certainly not be fit to safely operate
an aircraft. In addition, such a pilot could readily be
perceived as being “under the influence of alcohol.”
You are in control
Flying, while fun and exciting, is a precise,
demanding, and unforgiving endeavor. Any factor
that impairs the pilot’s ability to perform the required
tasks during the operation of an aircraft is an
invitation for disaster.
The use of alcohol is a significant self-imposed
stress factor that should be eliminated from the
cockpit. The ability to do so is strictly within the
pilot’s control.
especially true if intoxication occurred or if you
plan to fly IFR. Cold showers, drinking black
coffee, or breathing 100% oxygen cannot speed
up the elimination of alcohol from the body.
3. Consider the effects of a hangover. Eight hours
from “bottle to throttle” does not mean you are
in the best physical condition to fly, or that your
blood alcohol concentration is below the legal
limits.
4. Recognize the hazards of combining alcohol
consumption and flying.
5. Use good judgment. Your life and the lives of
your passengers are at risk if you drink and fly.
Ideally, total avoidance
of alcohol should be a
key element observed by
every pilot in planning or
accomplishing a flight.
Alcohol avoidance is as
critical as developing a flight
plan, a good preflight inspection, obeying ATC
procedures, and avoiding severe weather.
ALCOHOL USE IN
AMERICA
• Over 50% of American adults
consume alcohol.
• Per capita consumption is about
25 gallons per year.
• Alcoholic beverages are
marketed in a variety of forms, with wine and
beer being the most liked.
• Different alcoholic beverages have different
concentrations of alcohol; however, their total
alcohol content can be the same. For example,
a pint of beer contains as much alcohol as a
5 1/2 ounce glass of table wine. Therefore, the
notion that drinking low-concentration alcoholic
beverages is safer than drinking hard liquor is
erroneous.
• The total alcohol content of any alcoholic
beverage can be easily calculated using
the following formula: “Proof” divided by 2 =
percent pure alcohol.
4
Medical Facts for Pilots
Publication AM-400-94/2
Written by: Guillermo J. Salazar, M.D.
and
Melchor J. Antuñano, M.D.
Prepared by: Federal Aviation Administration
Civil Aerospace Medical Institute
Aeromedical Education Division
To order copies of this brochure and
others listed below, contact
FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute
Shipping Clerk, AAM-400
P.O. Box 25082
Oklahoma City, OK 73125
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
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Pilot Safety Brochures飞行员安全手册(5)
