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a DVT, you should immediately contact your
physician or go to an emergency room. Be
sure to mention that you have recently completed
a long journey, as that information may
aid in making the correct diagnosis. Different
procedures will be used to check for the presence
of a DVT and to evaluate a possible pulmonary
embolus, if indicated. If a DVT or PE
is found, then you will usually be started on
a blood thinner to help prevent the clot from
becoming larger while it slowly resolves.
Prevention
Since it has not been scientifically established
that there is a direct relationship between
DVT and flying, there may be no need
for specific preventive methods. However,
some practices may be found to be beneficial:
• Increasing leg muscle activity during
long periods of sitting improves blood
flow in the legs. This may include walking
around the cabin or exercising your
lower legs and ankles while seated.
• Drinking adequate fluids, and avoiding
alcohol and caffeine, may also help by
preventing dehydration.
• Loose-fitting clothing may be beneficial
in avoiding constriction of veins.
• Some recommend taking short naps,
instead of long ones, to avoid prolonged
inactivity.
If you have any of the risk factors for DVT,
consult your physician before long trips. If indicated
by a physician, special support socks
or stockings can reduce blood pooling in the
legs and blood thinning medications may be
prescribed.
Deep Vein Thrombosis
For more information, we encourage you
to read “Traveller’s Thrombosis: A Review
of Deep Vein Thrombosis Associated With
Travel,” published in Aviation, Space, and Environmental
Medicine, Vol. 72, No. 9, September
2001.
Summary
1. A Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a
clot that forms in a leg vein.
2. A DVT can cause harm by obstructing
blood flow to a limb or if a part of the
clot flows to the heart or lungs.
3. A DVT can be caused by some medical
problems, medications, and long periods
of inactivity.
4. The risk of developing a DVT can be
reduced by:
• Occasional muscular activity
• Maintaining hydration
• Limiting alcohol and caffeine intake
• And, if indicated by a physician:
— Support socks or stockings
— Blood-thinning medications
MEDICAL FACTS FOR TRAVELERS
Publication AM-400-03/2
Written by: Alex Wolbrink, M.D.
Prepared by:
FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute
Aerospace Medical Education Division
AAM-400, P.O. Box 25082
Oklahoma City, OK 73125
To order copies of this brochure and
others listed below, contact
FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute
Shipping Clerk, AAM-400
P.O. Box 25082
Oklahoma City, OK 73125
(405) 954-4831
Other Pilot Safety Brochures Available
Number Title
AM-400-94/2 Alcohol and Flying: A Deadly
Combination
AM-400-95/2 Altitude Decompression Sickness
OK05-0270 Carbon Monoxide: A Deadly
Threat
AM-400-91/1 Hypoxia: The Higher You Fly,
the Less Air in the Sky
AM-400-98/3 Hearing and Noise in Aviation
AM-400-97/1 Introduction to Human Factors
in Aviation
AM-400-92/1 Over the Counter Medications
and Flying
AM-400-98/2 Pilot Vision
AM-400-95/1 Smoke!
AM-400-00/1 Spatial Disorientation: Visual
Illusions
AM-400-03/1 Spatial Disorientation: Why You
Shouldn’t Fly By the Seat of Your
Pants
AM-400-01/1 Physiological Training Courses
for Civil Aviation Pilots
AM-400-05/1 Sunglasses for Pilots: Beyond the
Image
To view these pilot and passenger safety
brochures, visit the Federal Aviation Administration’s
Web Site
www.faa.gov/pilots/safety
Physiological Training Classes for Pilots
If you are interested in taking a one-day
aviation physiological training course with
altitude chamber and vertigo demonstrations
or a one-day survival course, learn about how
to sign up for these courses that are offered
at 14 locations across the U.S. by visiting this
FAA Web site:
www.faa.gov/pilots/training/
FATIGUE IN
AVIATION
Fatigue is an expected and ubiquitous aspect of life. For the average
individual, fatigue presents a minor inconvenience, resolved
with a nap or by stopping whatever activity that brought it on.
Typically, there are no significant consequences. However, if that person
is involved in safety-related activities such as operating a motor vehicle,
piloting an aircraft, performing surgery, or running a nuclear reactor, the
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