FAA规章 美国联邦航空规章 Federal Aviation Regulations 1(8)

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Controlled Firing Area . A controlled .ring area is established to contain activities, which if not conducted in a controlled environment, would be hazardous to non-participating aircraft.
Crewmember means a person assigned to perform duty in an aircraft during .ight time.
Critical altitude means the maximum altitude at which, in standard atmosphere, it is possible to maintain, ata speci.ed rotational speed, a speci.edpower or a speci.ed manifold pressure. Unless otherwise stated, the critical altitude is the maximum altitude at whichitispossibleto maintain, atthe maximum continuous rotational speed, one of the following :
(1)
The maximum continuous power, in the case of engines for which this power rating is the same at sea level and at the rated altitude.

(2)
The maximum continuous rated manifold pressure, in the case of engines, the maximum continuouspower of whichisgovernedby a constant manifoldpres-sure.

Critical engine means the engine whose failure would most adversely a.ect the per-formance or handling qualities of an aircraft.
Decision height , with respect to the operation of aircraft, means the height at which a decision must be made, during an ILS or PAR instrument approach, to either continue the approach or to execute a missed approach.
Equivalent airspeed means the calibrated airspeed of an aircraft corrected for adia-batic compressible .ow for the particular altitude. Equivalent airspeed is equal to calibrated airspeed in standard atmosphere at sea level.
Extended over-water operation means-
(1)
With respect to aircraft other than helicopters, an operation over water at a horizontaldistanceof morethan50 nautical milesfromthe nearest shoreline; and

(2)
With respect to helicopters, an operation over water at a horizontal distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the nearest shoreline and more than 50 nautical miles from an o.-shore heliport structure.

External load means aload thatiscarried,orextends, outsideof the aircraftfuselage. External-load attaching means the structural components used to attach an external load to an aircraft, including external-load containers, the backup structure at the attachmentpoints, and anyquick-releasedevice used tojettisonthe externalload. [Final takeo. speed means the speed of the airplane that exists at the end of the takeo.pathinthe en route con.guration with one engineinoperative.] Fireproof –
(1) With respect to materials and parts used to con.ne .re in a designated .re zone, means the capacity to withstand at least as well as steel in dimensions appropriateforthepurposefor which they are used,theheatproduced when there is a severe .re of extended duration in that zone; and
(2) With respect to other materials and parts, means the capacity to withstand theheat associated with .reatleast aswell assteelindimensionsappropriate for the purpose for which they are used.
Fire resistant– (1) With respect to sheet or structural members means the capacity to withstand the heat associated with .re at least as well as aluminum alloy indimensions appropriateforthepurposefor which they are used; and
(2) With respect to .uid-carrying lines, .uid system parts, wiring, air ducts, .t-tings, and powerplant controls, means the capacity to perform the intended functions under the heat and other conditions likely to occur when there is a .re at the place concerned.
Flame resistant means not susceptible to combustion to the point of propagating a .ame, beyond safe limits, after the ignition source is removed.
Flammable , with respect to a .uid or gas, means susceptible to igniting readily or to exploding.
Flap  extended speed means the highest speed permissible with wing .aps in a pres-cribed extended position.
Flash resistant means not susceptible to burning violently when ignited.
Flightcrew member meansapilot, .ight engineer,or .ight navigatorassignedtoduty in an aircraft during .ight time.
　
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