6.10.1 Although a radar controller is not required to keep a special watch for storm detection, etc., information on the position, intensity, extent and movement of significant weather
(i.e. storms or well-defined frontal surfaces) as observed on radar displays, should, when practicable, be reported to the associated meteorological office.
7. Use of radar in the air traffic control service
Note.— The procedures in this Section are general procedures applicable when radar is used in the provision of area control service or approach control service. Additional procedures applicable in the provision of approach control service are detailed in Section 9.
7.1 Functions
7.1.1 The information presented on a radar display may be used to perform the following functions in the provision of air traffic control service:
a) provide radar services as necessary in order to improve airspace utilization, reduce delays, provide for direct routings and more optimum flight profiles, as well as to enhance safety;
b) provide radar vectoring to departing aircraft for the purpose of facilitating an expeditious and efficient departure flow and expediting climb to cruising level;
c) provide radar vectoring to aircraft for the purpose of resolving potential conflicts;
d) provide radar vectoring to arriving aircraft for the purpose of establishing an expeditious and efficient approach sequence;
e) provide radar vectoring to assist pilots in their navigation, e.g. to or from a radio navigation aid, away from or around areas of adverse weather, etc.;
f) provide separation and maintain normal traffic flow when an aircraft experiences communication failure within the area of the radar coverage;
g) maintain radar monitoring of air traffic;
Note.— Where tolerances regarding such matters as adherence to track, speed or time have been prescribed by the appropriate ATS authority, deviations are not considered significant until such tolerances are exceeded.
h) when applicable, maintain a watch on the progress of air traffic, in order to provide a non-radar controller with:
i) improved position information regarding aircraft under control;
ii) supplementary information regarding other traffic; and
iii) information regarding any significant deviations, by aircraft, from the terms of their respective air traffic control clearances, including their cleared routes as well as levels when appropriate.
7.2 Co-ordination of traffic under radar and non-radar control
7.2.1 Appropriate arrangements shall be made in any air traffic control unit using radar to ensure the co-ordination of traffic under radar control with traffic under non-radar
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Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services (PANS-RAC)
control, and to ensure the provision of adequate separation between the radar-controlled aircraft and all other controlled aircraft. To this end, close liaison shall be maintained at all times between radar controllers and non-radar controllers.
7.3 Separation application
Note.— Factors which the radar controller must take into account in determining the spacing to be applied in particular circumstances in order to ensure that the separation minimum is not infringed include aircraft relative headings and speeds, radar technical limitations, controller workload and any difficulties caused by communication congestion. Guidance material on this subject is contained in the Air Traffic Services Planning Manual (Doc 9426).
7.3.1 Except as provided for in 7.3.7, 7.3.8 and 8.3.2.1, radar separation shall only be applied between identified aircraft when there is reasonable assurance that identification will be maintained.
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