Figure III-8 (see 8.2.1.1 d)) Figure III-9 (see 8.2.1.1 b))
Figure III-10 (see 8.2.1.1 c)) Figure III-11 (see 8.2.1.1 d))
Figure III-12 (see 8.2.1.2 a)) Figure III-13 (see 8.2.1.2 b)) Figure III-14A (see 8.2.2.1 a))
Figure III-14B (see 8.2.2.1 a))
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Figure III-15A (see 8.2.2.1 b))
Figure III-15B (see 8.2.2.1 b)) Figure III-16A (see 8.2.2.1 c))
Figure III-16B (see 8.2.2.1 c))
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Figure III-17A (see 8.2.2.2 a))
Figure III-17B (see 8.2.2.2 a)) Figure III-18A (see 8.2.2.2 b))
Figure III-18B (see 8.2.2.2 b))
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Figure III-19 (see 8.2.3)
Figure III-20 (see 8.3.1.1.1 a))
Figure III-21 (see 8.3.1.1.1 b))
ii) separation is checked by obtaining simultaneous DME readings from the aircraft at frequent intervals to ensure that the minimum will not be infringed (see Figure III-20);
b) 19 km (10 NM) provided:
i) the leading aircraft maintains a true airspeed of 37 km/h (20 kt) or more faster than the succeeding aircraft;
ii) each aircraft utilizes “on-track” DME stations; and
iii) separation is checked by obtaining simultaneous DME readings from the aircraft at such intervals as are necessary to ensure that the minimum is established and will not be infringed (see Figure III-21).
8.3.1.1.2 Aircraft on crossing tracks. The longitudinal separation prescribed in 8.3.1.1.1 shall also apply provided that each aircraft reports distance from the station located at the crossing point of the tracks and that the relative angle between the tracks is less than 90 degrees (see Figures III-22A and III-22B).
8.3.1.2 Aircraft climbing or descending on the same track: 19 km (10 NM) while vertical separation does not exist, provided:
a) each aircraft utilizes “on-track” DME stations;
b) one aircraft maintains a level while vertical separation does not exist; and
c) separation is established by obtaining simultaneous DME readings from the aircraft (see Figures III-23A and III-23B).
Note.— To facilitate application of the procedure where a considerable change of level is involved, a descending aircraft may be cleared to some convenient level above the lower aircraft, or a climbing aircraft to some convenient level below the higher aircraft, to permit a further check on the separation that will obtain while vertical separation does not exist.
8.3.1.3 Aircraft on reciprocal tracks. Aircraft utilizing on-track DME may be cleared to climb or descend to or through the levels occupied by other aircraft utilizing on-track DME, provided that it has been positively established that the
Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services (PANS-RAC)
aircraft have passed each other and are at least 10 NM apart, or such other value as prescribed by the appropriate ATS authority.
8.4 Longitudinal separation minima
with Mach number technique based on time
8.4.1 Turbojet aircraft shall adhere to the Mach number approved by ATC and shall request ATC approval before making any changes thereto. If it is essential to make an immediate temporary change in the Mach number (e.g. due to turbulence), ATC shall be notified as soon as possible that such a change has been made.
8.4.2 If it is not feasible, due to aircraft performance, to maintain the last assigned Mach number during en-route climbs and descents, pilots of aircraft concerned shall advise ATC at the time of the climb/descent request.
8.4.3 Provided that:
a) the aircraft concerned have reported over the same reporting point and follow the same track or continuously diverging tracks until some other form of separation is provided; or
b) if the aircraft have not reported over the same reporting point and it is possible to ensure, by radar or other means, that the appropriate time interval will exist at the common point from which they either follow the same track or continuously diverging tracks;
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