No. 3
V. Aerodrome Control Service
position. This route shall be selected with a view to mini-mizing any security risks to the public, other aircraft and installations at the aerodrome.
Note.— See Annex 14, Volume I, Chapter 3.
10.5 When necessary for a wheeled helicopter or VTOL to taxi on the surface, the following provisions are applicable.
Note.— Ground taxiing uses less fuel than air-taxiing and minimizes air turbulence. However, under certain conditions, such as rough, soft, or uneven terrain, it may become necessary to air-taxi for safety considerations. Helicopters with articulating rotors (usually designs with three or more main rotor blades) are subject to “ground resonance” and may, on rare occasions, suddenly lift off the ground to avoid severe damage or destruction.
10.5.1 When requested or necessary for a helicopter to proceed at a slow speed above the surface, normally below 37 km/h (20 kt) and in ground effect, air-taxiing may be authorized.
Note.— Air-taxiing consumes fuel at a high burn rate, and helicopter downwash turbulence (produced in ground effect) increases significantly with larger and heavier helicopters.
10.5.2 Instructions which require small aircraft or helicopters to taxi in close proximity to taxiing helicopters should be avoided and consideration should be given to the effect of turbulence from taxiing helicopters on arriving and departing light aircraft.
11. Control of other than aircraft traffic on the manoeuvring area
11.1 The movement of pedestrians or vehicles on the manoeuvring area shall be subject to authorization by the aerodrome control tower. Persons, including drivers of all vehicles, shall be required to obtain authorization from the aerodrome control tower before entry to the manoeuvring area. Notwithstanding such an authorization, entry to a runway or runway strip or change in the operation authorized shall be subject to a further specific authorization by the aerodrome control tower.
11.2 At controlled aerodromes all vehicles employed on the manoeuvring area shall capable of maintaining two-way radiocommunication with the aerodrome control tower, except when the vehicle is only occasionally used on the manoeuvring area and is:
a) accompanied by a vehicle with the required communi-cations capability, or
b) employed in accordance with a pre-arranged plan established with the aerodrome control tower.
11.2.1 When communications by a system of visual signals is deemed to be adequate, or in the case of radiocom-munication failure, the signals given hereunder shall have the meaning indicated therein.
Light signal from Meaning aerodrome control
Green flashes Permission to cross landing area or to move onto taxiway
Steady red Stop
Red flashes Move off the landing area or taxiway and watch out for aircraft
White flashes Vacate manoeuvring area in accordance with local instructions
11.2.2 In emergency conditions or if the signals in 11.2.1 are not observed the signal given hereunder shall be used for runways or taxiways equipped with a lighting system and shall have the meaning indicated therein.
Light signal Meaning
Flashing runway Vacate the runway and observe the or taxiway lights tower for light signal
11.2.3 When employed in accordance with a plan pre-arranged with the aerodrome control tower, constructional and maintenance personnel should not normally be required to be capable of maintaining two-way radiocommunication with the aerodrome control tower.
11.3 When an aircraft is landing or taking off, vehicles shall not be permitted to hold closer to the runway-in-use than:
a) at a taxiway/runway intersection — at a runway-holding position; and
b) at a location other than a taxiway/runway intersection
— at a distance equal to the separation distance of the runway-holding position.
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