WAKE TURBULENCE SEPARATION MINIMA FOR
CROSSING AND FOLLOWING AIRCRAFT
V. Aerodrome Control Service
FOR OPPOSITE-DIRECTION AIRCRAFT
17.1.1 Requests for such authorization shall be handled individually.
17.1.2 Separation shall be effected between all IFR flights and special VFR flights in accordance with separation minima in Parts III and IV and, when so prescribed by the appropriate ATS authority, between all special VFR flights in accordance with separation minima prescribed by that authority.
17.2 When the ground visibility is not less than 1 500 m, special VFR flights may be authorized to enter a control zone for the purpose of landing, to take off and depart from a control zone, to cross a control zone, or to operate locally within a control zone.
Note.— Requirements for two-way communications between controlled flights and the appropriate air traffic control unit are contained in Annex 2, 3.6.5.
No. 3
PART VI. RADAR SERVICES
1. Radar systems capabilities
1.1 Radar systems used in the provision of air traffic services shall have a very high lSevel of reliability, availability and integrity. The possibility of system failures or significant system degradations which may cause complete or partial interruptions of service shall be very remote. Back-up facilities shall be provided.
Note 1.— A radar system will normally consist of a number of integrated elements, including radar sensor(s), radar data transmission lines, radar data processing system, radar displays.
Note 2.— Guidance material and information pertaining to use of radar and to system reliability and availability is contained in Annex 10, Volume I and the Air Traffic Services Planning Manual (Doc 9426).
1.2 Multi-radar systems, i.e. systems utilizing more than one radar sensor, should have the capability to receive, process and display, in an integrated manner, data from all the connected sensors.
1.3 Radar systems should be capable of integration with other automated systems used in the provision of ATS, and should provide for an appropriate level of automation with the objectives of improving the accuracy and timeliness of data displayed to the controller and reducing controller workload and the need for verbal co-ordination between adjacent control positions and ATC units.
1.4 Radar systems should provide for the display of safety-related alerts and warnings, including conflict alert, minimum safe altitude warning, conflict prediction and unintentionally duplicated SSR codes.
1.5 States should, to the extent possible, facilitate the sharing of radar information in order to extend and improve radar coverage in adjacent control areas.
1.6 States should, on the basis of regional air navigation agreements, provide for the automated exchange of co-ordi-nation data relevant to aircraft being provided with radar services, and establish automated co-ordination procedures.
1.7 Primary surveillance radar (PSR) and secondary surveillance radar (SSR) may be used either alone or in combination in the provision of air traffic services, including in the provision of separation between aircraft, provided:
a) reliable coverage exists in the area; and
b) the probability of detection, the accuracy and the integrity of the radar system(s) are satisfactory.
1.8 PSR systems should be used in circumstances where SSR alone would not meet the air traffic services requirements. 中国航空网 www.aero.cn 航空翻译 www.aviation.cn 本文链接地址：Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services(68)
