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hazard only after entry into the body by inhalation, ingestion,
or through an open wound. Inhalation is the most
significant mode of entry. If involved in fire, DU will give
off very toxic fumes. Once oxidized DU is deposited in
the respiratory tract, it can be taken into the blood stream
and deposited in internal organs where damage may result.
Most dusts from DU, in the body, are relatively insoluble
and not as hazardous as the soluble forms.
(b) DU provides both an internal and external radiation
hazard. When taken into the body, intense ionization
produced by the alpha particles may cause severe
localized damage to cells. Externally, the beta radiation
is classified as a skin exposure. Given these limits, DU
does not constitute a serious external radiation hazard.
The beta radiation exposure to the extremities can be
reduced up to 50% by wearing leather gloves. A few feet
away, there is little radiation exposure for beta and or
gamma.
(2) RADIATION MEASUREMENT. Radiation surveys
to detect the presence of DU in disassembled aircraft
can be accomplished by using a Ludlum model 3 or 18
meter in conjunction with an Eberline model HP260 GM
probe or a XETEX model 308 radiation detector. Pancake
type probes provide excellent results for aircraft
surveys.
(3) HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS.
TO 00-105E-9
(a) No drilling, filing, machining, sanding, or other abrasive
procedure is permitted.
(b) Where prolonged body contact is possible or
where abrasive operations are likely to affect the DU, it
will be removed and stored in a secure area.
(c) Skin contact should be avoided. Thick gloves
should be worn if handling is required. DU with damaged
plating will be wrapped and sealed in plastic bags
or wrapping material.
(d) Industrial eye protection and approved respirators
will be worn when removing and handling damaged
or cor-roded DU.
(e) Materials used in handling corroded or damaged
DU (such as gloves or plastic wrap) will be bagged in
plastic and placed in radioactive waste containers for disposal
IAW applicable technical orders.
(f) Personnel handling DU will wash hands thoroughly
with soap and water immediately after removal of gloves,
before eating, drinking, smoking or at the end of the shift.
(g) The Radiation Safety Officer should survey areas
where corroded DU has been handled or stored. Periodic
surveys should be accomplished for all DU storage
or work areas.
(h) DU waste will be disposed of IAW TO 00-110N-3
and shipped IAW applicable federal regulations (10 and
49 CFR).
(4) FIRE HAZARDS. Fire or explosion: Some of these
materials may burn, but most do not ignite readily. Uranium
and thorium granules may ignite spontaneously if
exposed to air. Nitrates are oxidizers and may ignite other
combustibles.
(5) RESPIRATORY PROTECTION. When entering
an area where DU is burning, approved respiratory protection
shall be worn.
(6) AIRCRAFT AND LOCATION. (See on pg 3-16.)
c. KRYPTON - 85. A colorless and odorless inert gas.
This gas is used as part of an oil level indicating system
in aircraft. The gas is contained in a metal tube which is
partitioned, therefore, a break may not allow all of the
gas to escape.
(1) HEALTH HAZARDS. Krypton is beta and gamma
producing material. The need to enclose Krypton gas in
a metallic container for aircraft use significantly reduces
the beta hazards. However, due to the nature of gamma
radiation, this is a primary hazard. The safety procedures
for gamma radiation are distance and limiting physical
contact.
3-15
(2) FIRE HAZARDS. Non conbustible.
(3) HANDLING PROCEDURES.
(a) Maintain minimum of three (3) feet distance from
the source, when possible.
(b) When transporting the source, use an approved
container (do not keep container with source in the passenger
section of vehicle).
(c) Use mechanical fingers when physically handling
the source, when possible. Personal contact should be
kept to the minimum.
(d) If a tube source should break: clear the area
(upwind, if outside) and notify the following:
1 Maintenance Control.
2 Your supervisor.
3 Safety Officer.
4 Base Bio-environmental Officer.
(4) TAGGING PROCEDURES. Indicators removed from
engines will be tagged with an AFTO Form 350 and
tracked with an AMARC Form 83. The AFTO Form 350
will be filled out IAW applicable regulations and will also
have the oil level indicator serial number, engine serial
number, and aircraft serial number listed.
(5) CONTAINMENT. Removed indicators will be placed
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