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contained first, then concentrate on the burning composite.
A fast response will reduce the chances that smoldering
combustion can establish itself. Continuous and
direct application of foam is needed for extinguishments
of smoldering combustion with AFFF foam for at least
three minutes. A thorough overhaul inspection must be
conducted to determine if deep-seated smoldering is
occurring. Check for hot spots with infrared detections.
Expect a smoldering condition within a pile of severely
shattered and burnt composite debris produced from a
pool fire. Expect to spend more time at the fire scene
and to use more extinguishments than for liquid fuel fires.
(b) MATERIAL DISPERSION. Dispersal pattern
from the plume will depend on the wind. The plume will
rise, become diluted and dissipate. Under certain mishap
scenarios, carbon fiber could be dispersed. About
half of the carbon fibers released will be lifted with the
plume. Explosions will release more particulate at ground
level than a fire release. Most plumes will have a tilt and
greater wind speed will reduce the plume raise that could
add to the ground level concentrations of carbon fiber.
Collect shattered debris and place in closable container
for disposal.
(c) FIRST AID. Move victim to fresh air. Effects of
inhalation exposure, or skin contact may be delayed. Ensure
that medical personnel are aware of the materials
* Based on Department of Transportation recommendation when
first setting up a cardoned area.
involved and take precautions to protect them. Wash
particulate from skin with soap and water.
(d) SITE ASSESSMENT. A description of the composite
debris is needed to determine the appropriate response
level before transfer of command is made. After
fire and smoldering conditions have ceased and the material
is at ambient temperature walk around the debris
and categorize the type of debris. Presence of carbon
fiber clusters around the site is a sign that carbon fiber
was released. Communicate this information at transfer
of command.
(e) TRANSFER OF COMMAND. Provide the following
information so a safety and health sketch can be
drafted: type of composite debris, downwind direction,
wind speed, plume condition, and if overhaul was needed
to determine if smoldering conditions exist.
(4) SMOLDERING COMPOSITES, PLASTICS AND
RUBBER.
a HAZARD. Some resin within a composite system
can smolder. Some plastic and rubber material can
smolder. Smoldering composite material is a safety hazard
because it can advance to a flaming combustion state
relatively easy. Smoldering composites produce toxic
gases. Smoke is barely visible and does not radiate high
temperatures.
b PUBLIC SAFETY. Isolate the immediate area
and keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. If
smoldering is noticed, alert the firefighting response.
c PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Wear full protection
with SCBA.
d FIRE. Extinguish with AFFF.
e FIRST AID. Move victim to fresh air immediately.
(5) FUEL CONTAMINATED COMPOSITE MATERIAL.
a HAZARD. Cutting through composites with a
rescue saw that contains residual fuels will cause sparking
and possible ignition of the fuel. Cool the blade with
a fine water mist from a hose line while cutting. Use full
protection. Spray area with AFFF for high potential of
ignition.
b PUBLIC SAFETY. Isolate the immediate area
and keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind.
c PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Full protection with
SCBA for firefighting. When cutting composite debris without
a fire potential, use tyvek suit, eye protection,
TO 00-105E-9
hand protection, air purifying respirator for organic vapor
and particulate within in the respirable range. If cutting
through metal, metal vapor cartridge may be required.
d FIRE. Extinguish with AFFF.
e FIRST AID. Move victim to fresh air. In case of contact
with burning substance, flush skin and eyes with
water.
e. HEAT STRESS. Heat stress can occur from wearing
protective equipment and/or performing heavy work in
hot, humid climate. Additional guidance for work vs. rest
cycles can be found in AFMAN 32-4005.
(1) HEALTH HAZARD. Heat stroke, heat exhaustion,
heat cramps, transient heat fatigue and heat rash are
the hazards of working in a hot environment.
(a) Heat stroke occurs when the body’s temperature
reatory system fails. Symptoms for heat stroke are skin
is hot, usually dry, red or spotted and body temperature
is high, 104°F or higher. When body temperature increases
the victim becomes mentally confused, delirious,
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