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of specific hazards can be determined. Ask the
dispatcher if there were any unusual signs or symptoms,
for example, pungent odors or eye irritations, the extent
of fire, wind direction and velocity, location of the fire,
color of the smoke, color of the flame.
(b) Pay attention to the sensory signals such as smell,
color and nasal or eye irritations.
(c) Look for clues that suggest the possibility of hazardous
materials like smoke or cloud of vapor.
(d) Pay attention to the wind direction and topography
when approaching the site. Advance upwind and upgrade
of suspected emissions.
(2) ARRIVAL.
(a) Avoid unnecessary contamination of equipment by
giving exact information on safe routes of arrival and vehicle
staging locations and by reporting anything suspicious.
(b) Do not drive through spilled or released material,
including smoke, vapors and puddles.
(c) Unless otherwise directed, responders should park
at a safe distance upwind, upgrade and pointing away
from any incident where hazards are suspected. The
firefighting response will determine the safest path to
enter.
(d) Pay attention to low-lying areas such as streambeds
and gulleys, or in urban areas places such as courtyards
or tall buildings. They may contain vapor clouds
or the plume protected from dispersal by the wind.
(e) Anticipate a rush of people when in a populated
area.
3-79
TO 00-105E-9
3-80
Keep unauthorized people out. Use a PA system to give
instructions if need be.
(f) Remember there are risks to entering a contaminated
area to rescue an injured victim.
(g) Do not approach anyone coming from a contaminated
area.
(h) Do not attempt to recover shipping papers or manifests
unless adequately protected.
(i) Exclusion zones (see Table 3.7-1) should be immediately
established and enforced around the hazards taking
care not to become exposed during the process.
(j) Essential to minimizing secondary contamination, a
deliberate decontamination process should exist for any
amount of exposure and should occur at the site if possible.
(k) A safety and health sketch of the scene (see Table
3.7-2) should be drafted and be made available at each
site transfer of command.
(l) Team briefs which includes the safety and health
information are given during site orientation and before
any processes are conducted at the site.
(3) DURING A FIRE.
(a) Observe conditions that will help with the determination
of the extent of damage. Abnormal fire behavior
of burning composite material like heat intensity, rate of
flame spread, unusual behavior when suppressant is
applied. Information will be useful in understanding the
behavior of the material. Communicate unusual behavior
to the composite materials technical representative.
(4) POSTFIRE.
(a) If a pressurized container (and possibility buried
munitions) is being heated by a deep-seated smoldering
composite it can explode hours after the initial response
has left the site. Move all pressurized bottles (LOX) and
hydrazine containers away from burning and burnt debris
piles if possible.
(b) Perform overhaul to search for hidden fire. Check
for smoldering debris and extinguish it---tires, plastics and
composite materials. Self-contained breathing apparatus
should always be worn when fighting a smoldering
composite fire or performing an overhaul operation on
composite debris.
(c) Do not allow post-incident thoughts to interfere with
the overhaul operation.
(d) Overhaul is necessary if the mishap conditions produced
confined spaces or closed-in working areas for
the follow-on response.
(e) Overhaul should only move what is absolutely necessary
to complete fire extinguishment.
(f) Portable infrared heat detectors can be used to locate
hot spots in composite materials inside the aircraft.
(g) Pool fire. After flame suppression expect the underside
of the composite debris to still be in a combustion
state. The combustion state could be smoldering of
the resin and core material or fiber combustion. Resin
smoldering can last for hours or days if not extinguished
emitting faint smoke or heat that is only noticeable with a
touch of the hand. Carbon fiber combust with a red glow
and can last up to 1 hour after flaming combustion conditions
has ceased (the pool fire is out). Temperature
associated with the red glow is about 1400°F.
(h) For investigation purposes, debris should not be
moved more than what is necessary. If drastic movement
of large debris was necessary declare original locations
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