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just numbers for identification
purposes (Table V.1). Just in the
case of pure aluminium the last
two digits of the 4-digit number
indicate the percentage of purity
above 99.0%. E.g. 1070 means
aluminium with at least 99.70%
of aluminium or, in other words
less than 0.30% impurities.
1. The latest edition of the Teal Sheets is available for free download from the EAA website
http://www.eaa.net/en/about-aluminium/standards/international-registration/
CATEGORIES OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
Dominant alloying element wrought alloy cast alloy
None (“pure aluminium”) 1xxx
Copper 2xxx 2xxx
Manganese 3xxx
Silicon 4xxx 4xxxx
Magnesium 5xxx 5xxxx
Magnesium and Silicon 6xxx
Zinc and Magnesium (with or without copper) 7xxx 7xxxx
Other elements (e.g. Iron or Lithium) 8xxx
TABLE V.1
41
EUROPEAN ALUMINIUM ASSOCIATION
• F - as fabricated: this condition
designates products made by
plastic deformation without any
particular control of the rates of
hardening or softening by deformation
or any heat treatment.
• O - fully annealed: this condition
is the most ductile and is
obtained by the process of annealing
without any subsequent
work-hardening or by hot rolling
at temperatures above the
recrystallisation temperature.
• H - strain-hardened and possibly
partially softened: this
relates to strain-hardened products
with or without subsequent
holding at a temperature high
enough to induce partial softening
of the metal.
• T - heat treated: heat treatment
can combine some or all of
the following operations: solution
treatment, quenching, age
hardening, artificial ageing and
possible plastic deformation.
For more details, please refer to
EN 515.
3. Basic temper designations
4. Subdivisions of H temper designations
The first digit after H indicates
the specific combination of basic
operations:
• H1X: work-hardened only.
These designations identify products
that are work-hardened
to obtain the desired strength
without supplementary heat
treatment.
• H2X: work-hardened and partially
annealed. These designations
apply to products which are
work-hardened more than the
desired final amount and then
reduced in strength to the
desired level by partial annealing.
• H3X: work-hardened and stabilized.
These designations apply
to products which are workhardened
and whose mechanical
properties are stabilized either by
a low temperature heat treatment
or as a result of heat introduced
during fabrication.
For more details, please refer to
EN 515.
The second digit following the
letter H indicates the final degree
of strain hardening, as identified
by the minimum value of the ultimate
tensile strength.
• 8 has been assigned to the hardest
temper normally produced.
• Tempers between O (annealed)
and HX8 are designated by
numerals 1 to 7.
• HX4 designates tempers
whose ultimate tensile strength is
approximately midway between
that of the O temper and that of
the HX8 tempers.
• HX2 designates tempers
whose ultimate tensile strength
is approximately midway between
that of the O temper and that of
the HX4 tempers.
• HX6 designates tempers
whose ultimate tensile strength is
approximately midway between
that of the HX4 tempers and that
of the HX8 tempers
• HX1, HX3, HX5, HX7 designate
tempers intermediate between
those defined above. Note: These
temper designations are not
included in EN 515. Mechanical
properties of these tempers shall
42
ALUMINIUM IN COMMERCIAL VEHICLES CHAPTER V ALUMINIUM ALLOYS FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES 42 | 43
be agreed between the manufacturer
and the customer.
The third digit, when used, indicates
a variation of a two-digit
temper.
• HX11 applies to products that
incur sufficient strain-hardening after
the final annealing such that they fail
to qualify as annealed but not so
consistent an amount of strain-hardening
that they qualify as HX1.
• H112 applies to products that
may acquire some strain-hardening
from working at an elevated
temperature or from a limited
amount of cold work, and for
which there are no upper
mechanical property limits.
• H116 applies to products,
made of those alloys of the 5XXX
group in which the magnesium
content is 3% nominal or more.
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