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ARINC Protocol Tutorial 1
CHAPTER 1
ARINC 429 Tutorial
Introduction
This document provides an overview of ARINC 429 and other ARINC
protocols. ARINC 429 is the most commonly used data bus for
commercial and transport aircraft. This document explains the origins of
the ARINC Corporation, the data bus specification and where ARINC 429
is used. Then it summarizes the principal electrical and data
characteristics, which are defined in the specification.
This document is not a complete description of ARINC 429. It is intended
only as a brief tutorial and isn’t meant to replace the complete
specification, which can be purchased from ARINC (see Appendix A,
“References” for contact information).
ARINC 429 employs unidirectional transmission of 32 bit words over two
wire twisted pairs using bipolar RZ format. This tutorial includes charts
illustrating slew times and bit timing. It describes the five fields in each
word and explains the use of labels. Messages are repeated at specified
intervals with typical applications sending groups or frames of messages.
Examples are given of the commonly used word formats such as BNR,
BCD, Discrete data, and other formats. Also explained is a newer bitoriented
protocol, sometimes called the Williamsburg Protocol, which has
been introduced to provide an improved method of transmitting files of
data. Additionally, the document includes a brief explanation of other
ARINC specifications, such as 419, 561, 573, 582, 615, and 717.
Frequent references are made to ARINC Specification 429 and many
examples are taken from it. This tutorial is intended to introduce you to the
subject. Individuals needing more detail should obtain a copy of the
specification from ARINC and also should consider consulting other
sources identified in the list of references.
This document has been prepared by Condor Engineering Incorporated for
use by its employees and customers. Condor is a full-service manufacturer
of Test, Simulation, and Interface products for avionics data buses. The
hardware and software can be used to monitor or simulate data bus
About ARINC ARINC 429 Tutorial
2 ARINC Protocol Tutorial
messages for analyses and for simulating bus operation. To learn about the
full line of Condor products, visit our Web site or contact us by phone or
fax. Information can also be obtained via e-mail. See the Copyrights page
of this manual for the latest contact information. Detailed installation and
user manuals are provided with each product, and demonstration software
is available free of charge.
About ARINC
Aeronautical Radio, Incorporated (ARINC) is a major company that
develops and operates systems and services to ensure the efficiency,
operation, and performance of the aviation and travel industries. It was
organized in 1929 by four major airlines to provide a single licensee and
coordinator of radio communications outside the government. Only
airlines and aviation-related companies can be shareholders, although all
airlines and aircraft can use ARINC’s services. It is now a $280 million
company with headquarters in Annapolis, Maryland and over 50 operating
locations worldwide. The company has two major thrusts:
Communications and information processing services for the aviation
and travel industry.
System engineering, development and integration for government and
industry.
ARINC has provided leadership in developing specifications and standards
for avionics equipment, and one of these specifications is the focus of this
tutorial. Industry-wide committees prepare the specifications and
standards. ARINC Specification 429 was developed and is maintained by
the Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee (AEEC) comprising
members that represent airlines, government, and ARINC.
The General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA) in Washington,
D.C. also maintains a specification document with ARINC 429 labels:
“ARINC 429 General Aviation Subset”.
What is ARINC 429?
ARINC 429 is a specification, which defines how avionics equipment and
systems should communicate with each other. They are interconnected by
wires in twisted pairs. The specification defines the electrical and data
characteristics and protocols, which are used. ARINC 429 employs a
unidirectional data bus standard known as Mark 33 Digital Information
Transfer System (DITS). Messages are transmitted at a bit rate of either
12.5 or 100 kilobits per second to other system elements, which are
monitoring the bus messages. Transmission and reception is on separate
ports so that many wires may be needed on aircraft, which use a large
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