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Tanks for the transport of dangerous
goods have to be built
according to the rules defined in
the following agreement and
standards:
• ADR: Agreement for the transport
of Dangerous goods by Road1
• EN 13094 “Tanks for the
transport of dangerous goods -
Metallic tanks with a working
pressure not exceeding 0.5 bar -
Design and construction”
• EN 14025 “Tanks for the
transport of dangerous goods -
Metallic pressure tanks - Design
and construction”
In particular, tank shell thickness
(e) is determined by the following
equivalence formula, where
e0 is the minimum shell thickness
for mild steel and Rm and A, the
tensile strength and elongation
of the metal chosen.
e =
e0 × 464
3√(Rm × A)2
Furthermore, absolute minimum
shell thicknesses are fixed
depending on the type of tank,
the shell dimension and the
material used.
For tanks protected against damage:
• For shells with circular cross-section ≤ 1.80 m:
e0 = 3 mm
e cannot be lower than 4,00 mm for aluminium alloys2
• For shells with circular cross-section > 1.80 m
e0 = 4 mm
e cannot be lower than 5,00 mm for aluminium alloys
• For other tanks:
e0 = 5 mm for shells with circular cross-section ≤ 1.80 m
e0 = 6 mm for shells with circular cross-section > 1.80 m
1. See ADR - Annex A – Part 6 – Chapter 6.8:
http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/danger.htm
2. Whatever the result of the equivalence formula is.
Aluminium road tankers (Schrader)
86
ALUMINIUM IN COMMERCIAL VEHICULES CHAPTER VI DESIGN AND CALCULATION 86 | 87
Suitable aluminium alloys for that
application are listed in standard
EN 14286 “Aluminium and aluminium
alloys - weldable rolled
products for tanks for the storage
and transportation of dangerous
goods”. See also Chapter
V, section 6.4 in this manual.
For tanks protected against damage,
several alloys listed in EN
14286 allow manufacturing tank
shells with e = 5.3 mm (corresponding
to Rm x A = 6600) and
even e = 5.0 mm (for those with
Rm x A ≥ 7152).
9.2. Tippers
9.2.1. Construction
Tipper body trailers (or “dump
bodies”) are constructed in two
different versions:
• Combination of plates and
extrusions (more frequently used
version)
• Extrusion intensive construction,
where all sides of the trailer
are made of clamped and / or
welded extrusion profiles
Another version which came up
in the last few years is a material
– mix version with a steel bottom
plate and aluminium side- walls
(bolted to the steel plate).
Two main tipper types can be differentiated:
• Rectangular trailer
• Half – pipe trailer
Independent from the type of tipper,
all extrusion cross – sections
and the thickness of the plates
are calculated with respect to:
Aluminium tipper bodies (Stas)
87
EUROPEAN ALUMINIUM ASSOCIATION
Wear is not only taken into
account for the calculation of the
actual plate or extrusion thickness,
especially of the bottom
plate, but also for the type of aluminium
to be chosen.
9.2.2.1. Defintion of Wear
The mechanism of wear is quite
complex. Wear generally occurs
when one surface (usually harder
than the other) cuts off material
from the second. The area of contact
between the two surfaces is
thereby very small and concentrated
on surface asperities. The
shear forces are transferred
through these points and so the
local forces can be very high.
Abrasives can act like in a grinding
process where the abrasive is
fixed relative to one surface or in
a lapping process, where the
abrasive tumbles, producing a
series of indentations.
• Actual load (compression /
tension)
• Bending forces (static and during
tipping operation)
• Other forces like shear stress,
deflection, buckling
In addition, the type of products
to be transported has to be taken
into consideration during design
of the tipper. This is due to the
fact, that the load can be just
concentrated locally and on a
very small area or it can be divided
quite uniform across the
whole bottom of the tipper body.
9.2.2. Wear
Wear (or abrasion- resistance) is
the most discussed issue when it
comes to the construction of an
aluminium tipper. A lot of uncertainties
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