航空资料25(8)

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3. BASIC TEMPER DESIGNATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4. SUBDIVISIONS OF H TEMPER DESIGNATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5. SUBDIVISION OF T TEMPER DESIGNATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
6. TYPICAL ALLOYS FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6.1. Flat rolled products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6.2. Extruded products (forged products) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6.3. Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6.4. Selection guide for the different alloys (indicative) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
7. INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
7.1. Elevated temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
7.2. Low and very low temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
8. INFLUENCE OF FABRICATION ON THE PROPERTIES OF THE ALLOYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
8.1. Work hardening of non-heat treatable alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
8.2. Softening by annealing and recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
8.3. Heat treatable alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
8.4. Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
9. LIST OF STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
CHAPTER V
ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES
39
EUROPEAN ALUMINIUM ASSOCIATION
Aluminium in its pure form is a
very soft metal and hence not
suited for structural applications.
Thanks to the addition of
alloying elements such as copper,
manganese, magnesium,
zinc etc… and thanks to adequate
production processes, the
physical and mechanical properties
can be varied in a great
range making it possible to have
suitable alloys for literally all
applications.
As the Aluminium Industry is a
global industry there is the enormous
chance, that the product
designation is uniform almost all
over the world. Company specific
trade names are often complemented
by the standardized
designation.
All relevant standards are listed
at the end of this chapter.
1. Foreword
Aluminium rolling mill
40
ALUMINIUM IN COMMERCIAL VEHICLES CHAPTER V ALUMINIUM ALLOYS FOR COMMERCIAL VEHICLES 40 | 41
2. International product designation
From these eight categories are
three families so called “non heat
treatable“, or “work hardening”
alloys (1xxx, 3xxx, 5xxx) and four
“heat treatable alloys” (2xxx,
4xxx, 6xxx, 7xxx). The 8xxx family
cannot be attributed to one or
the other group.
The alloy number can be preceded
by a letter X which indicates
that it is an experimental
alloy, or followed by a letter A
which says that this is a national
variation of the basic alloy.
The physical and mechanical
properties of these alloys not only
depend on their chemical composition
but also to a great extent on
the manufacturing process in the
aluminium plant and on the transformation
process of the semifinished
to the finished product.
These processes are characterized
with the so called “temper designation”
which attends the alloy
number. When alloy number and
temper designation are indicated,
the metal is clearly identified and
its properties defined.
In order to identify the various
alloys, 4-digit numbers have
been standardized for wrought
alloys (see EN573-1) and 5-digit
numbers for cast alloys.
A list of all registered wrought
alloys and their chemical composition
can be found in EN 573-3 for
Europe and in the so-called “Teal
sheets1” at international level.
A list of all registered cast alloys
can be found in EN 1706.
A selection of alloys for use in
commercial vehicles will be presented
in section 6.
The first digit of the alloy number
indicates the dominant alloying
element; the remaining digits are
　
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