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caused by power plant, airframe or systems
malfunctions, fire or other abnormalities;
d) include training in knowledge and skills related to
visual and instrument flight procedures for the intended
area of operation, human performance including threat
and error management and in the transport of dangerous
goods;
e) ensure that all flight crew members know the functions
for which they are responsible and the relation of these
functions to the functions of other crew members, particularly
in regard to abnormal or emergency procedures;
and
f) be given on a recurrent basis, as determined by the
State of the Operator and shall include an assessment
of competence.
Note 1.— Paragraph 4.2.4 prohibits the in-flight simulation
of emergency or abnormal situations when passengers or cargo
are being carried.
Note 2.— Flight training may, to the extent deemed
appropriate by the State of the Operator, be given in flight
simulation training devices approved by the State for that
purpose.
Note 3.— The scope of the recurrent training required by
9.2 and 9.3 may be varied and need not be as extensive as the
initial training given in a particular type of aeroplane.
Note 4.— The use of correspondence courses and
written examinations as well as other means may, to the extent
Annex 6 — Operation of Aircraft Part I
12/31/111//0016 9-2
No. 30
deemed feasible by the State of the Operator, be utilized in
meeting the requirements for periodic ground training.
Note 5.— Provisions for training in the transport of
dangerous goods are contained in Annex 18.
Note 6.— Guidance material to design training programmes
to develop knowledge and skills in human performance can be
found in the Human Factors Training Manual (Doc 9683).
Note 7.— Information for pilots and flight operations
personnel on flight procedure parameters and operational procedures
is contained in PANS-OPS, Volume I. Criteria for the
construction of visual and instrument flight procedures are
contained in PANS-OPS, Volume II. Obstacle clearance criteria
and procedures used in certain States may differ from
PANS-OPS, and knowledge of these differences is important
for safety reasons.
Note 8.— Guidance material to design flight crew training
programmes can be found in the Preparation of an Operations
Manual (Doc 9376).
Note 9.— Guidance material on the different means used
to assess competence can be found in the Attachment to Chapter
2 of the Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Training
(PANS-TRG, Doc 9868).
9.3.2 The requirement for recurrent flight training in a
particular type of aeroplane shall be considered fulfilled by:
a) the use, to the extent deemed feasible by the State of the
Operator, of flight simulation training devices approved
by that State for that purpose; or
b) the completion within the appropriate period of the
proficiency check required by 9.4.4 in that type of
aeroplane.
9.4 Qualifications
Note.— See the Manual of Procedures for the Establishment
of a State’s Personnel Licensing System (Doc 9379) for
guidance of a general nature on cross-crew qualification,
mixed-fleet flying and cross-credit.
9.4.1 Recent experience — pilot-in-command
and co-pilot
9.4.1.1 An operator shall not assign a pilot-in-command
or a co-pilot to operate at the flight controls of a type or variant
of a type of aeroplane during take-off and landing unless
that pilot has operated the flight controls during at least three
take-offs and landings within the preceding 90 days on the
same type of aeroplane or in a flight simulator approved for
the purpose.
9.4.1.2 When a pilot-in-command or a co-pilot is flying
several variants of the same type of aeroplane or different
types of aeroplanes with similar characteristics in terms of
operating procedures, systems and handling, the State shall
decide under which conditions the requirements of 9.4.1.1 for
each variant or each type of aeroplane can be combined.
9.4.2 Recent experience — cruise relief pilot
9.4.2.1 An operator shall not assign a pilot to act in the
capacity of cruise relief pilot in a type or variant of a type of
aeroplane unless, within the preceding 90 days that pilot has
either:
a) operated as a pilot-in-command, co-pilot or cruise relief
pilot on the same type of aeroplane; or
b) carried out flying skill refresher training including
normal, abnormal and emergency procedures specific to
cruise flight on the same type of aeroplane or in a flight
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