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operation as a whole.
4.2.3.2 An aeroplane shall not be taxied on the movement
area of an aerodrome unless the person at the controls:
a) has been duly authorized by the operator or a designated
agent;
b) is fully competent to taxi the aeroplane;
c) is qualified to use the radiotelephone; and
d) has received instruction from a competent person in
respect of aerodrome layout, routes, signs, marking,
lights, air traffic control (ATC) signals and instructions,
phraseology and procedures, and is able to conform to
the operational standards required for safe aeroplane
movement at the aerodrome.
4.2.3.3 Recommendation.— The operator should issue
operating instructions and provide information on aeroplane
climb performance with all engines operating to enable the
pilot-in-command to determine the climb gradient that can be
achieved during the departure phase for the existing take-off
conditions and intended take-off technique. This information
should be included in the operations manual.
4.2.4 In-flight simulation of emergency situations
An operator shall ensure that when passengers or cargo are
being carried, no emergency or abnormal situations shall be
simulated.
4.2.5 Checklists
The checklists provided in accordance with 6.1.4 shall be used
by flight crews prior to, during and after all phases of operations,
and in emergency, to ensure compliance with the operating
procedures contained in the aircraft operating manual and
the aeroplane flight manual or other documents associated with
the certificate of airworthiness and otherwise in the operations
manual, are followed. The design and utilization of checklists
shall observe Human Factors principles.
Note.— Guidance material on the application of Human
Factors principles can be found in the Human Factors Training
Manual (Doc 9683).
4.2.6 Minimum flight altitudes
4.2.6.1 An operator shall be permitted to establish minimum
flight altitudes for those routes flown for which minimum
flight altitudes have been established by the State flown over or
the responsible State, provided that they shall not be less than
those established by that State.
4.2.6.2 An operator shall specify the method by which it
is intended to determine minimum flight altitudes for operations
conducted over routes for which minimum flight
altitudes have not been established by the State flown over or
the responsible State, and shall include this method in the
operations manual. The minimum flight altitudes determined
in accordance with the above method shall not be lower than
specified in Annex 2.
4.2.6.3 Recommendation.— The method for establishing
the minimum flight altitudes should be approved by the State
of the Operator.
4.2.6.4 Recommendation.— The State of the Operator
should approve such method only after careful consideration
of the probable effects of the following factors on the safety of
the operation in question:
a) the accuracy and reliability with which the position of
the aeroplane can be determined;
b) the inaccuracies in the indications of the altimeters used;
c) the characteristics of the terrain (e.g. sudden changes in
the elevation);
d) the probability of encountering unfavourable meteorological
conditions (e.g. severe turbulence and descending
air currents);
e) possible inaccuracies in aeronautical charts; and
f) airspace restrictions.
4.2.7 Aerodrome operating minima
4.2.7.1 The State of the Operator shall require that the
operator establish aerodrome operating minima for each aerodrome
to be used in operations, and shall approve the method
of determination of such minima. Such minima shall not be
lower than any that may be established for such aerodromes by
the State in which the aerodrome is located, except when
specifically approved by that State.
Note.— This Standard does not require the State in which
the aerodrome is located to establish aerodrome operating
minima.
4.2.7.2 The State of the Operator shall require that in
establishing the aerodrome operating minima which will apply
to any particular operation, full account shall be taken of:
Chapter 4 Annex 6 — Operation of Aircraft
4-3 12/31/111/0/016
No. 30
a) the type, performance and handling characteristics of the
aeroplane;
b) the composition of the flight crew, their competence and
experience;
c) the dimensions and characteristics of the runways which
may be selected for use;
d) the adequacy and performance of the available visual
and non-visual ground aids;
e) the equipment available on the aeroplane for the purpose
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