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EI emission index; lo3 x mass flow rate of gaseous R
emission product in exhaust per unit mass flow
rate of fuel
S
K ratio of concentration measured wet to that
measured dry (after cold trap)
T
L, L' analyser interference coefficient for interference
by COT Po
M, M' analyser interference coefficient for interference
by H2O z
concentration of O2 in dry air, by =
0.2095 normally
concentration of N, + rare gases in dry air, by
volume = 0.7902 normally
concentration of CO, in dry air, by volume =
0.0003 normally
number of moles of air per mole of fuel in initial
aidfuel mixture
symbol used and defined in 3.4
MAIK molecular mass of dty air = 28.966 g or, where [COJ mean concentration of C02 in exhaust sample,
appropriate, = (32 R + 28.156 4 S + 44.011 T) g vol/vol
Mco molecular mass of CO = 28.011 g [col mean concentration of CO in exhaust sample,
vol/vol
M~~ molecular mass of exhaust hydrocarbon, taken as
CH4 = 16.043 g [kc] mean concentration of HC in exhaust sample,
vol/vol
MNq molecular mass of NO, = 46.008 g
[No] mean concentration of NO in exhaust sample,
MC atomic mass of carbon = 12-011 g vollvol
MH atomic mass of hydrogen = 1.008 g [NO,] mean concentration of NO, in exhaust sample,
vollvol
PI number of moles of CO, in the exhaust sample
per mole of fuel [NO,] mean concentration of NO and NO, in exhaust
sample, voUwl
p2 number of moles of N, in the exhaust sample per
mole of fuel [NO,], mean concentration of NO in exhaust sample,
after passing through the N02/N0 converter,
p3 number of moles of 0, in the exhaust sample per vol/vol
mole of fuel
[NO,] mean = ([No~I~-[NoI)
p4 number of moles of H,O in the exhaust sample rl
per mole of fuel [ la mean concentration in exhaust sample after cold
P, number of moles of CO in the exhaust sarnule
trap, voVvol
per mole of fuel I i,l mean concentration measurement jndicared before
instrument correction applied, voYvol
p, number of moles of CJJ in the exhaust sample
per mole of fuel h humidity of ambient air, vol waterlvol dry air
P7 number of moles of NO, in the exhaust sample h, humidity of exhaust sample leaving "drier" or
per mole of fuel "cold trap", wl waterlvol dry sample
Appendix 5 Annex 16 - EnvironmentaZ Protection
m number of C atoms in characteristic fuel normally taken to be the recommended standard values but
lnolecule alternative values may be assigned, subject to the rcstnction
R + S + T = I and the approval of the certificating authority.
n number of I3 atoms in characteristic fuel
molecule 2.3 The ambient air humidity, h, is as measured at each
test condition. It is recommended that, in the absence of
x hnuydmrboecra rboof n Cm oalteocmulse in characteristic exhaust exha~~hsyetvd irdoecnacrbeo nas, vtaol utehse o f x = 1 and y = 4 (axr,e ya)s soigf ntehde.
Y number of H atoms in characteristic exhaust
hydrocarbon molecule 2.4 Determination of the remaining unknowns requires
the solution of the following set of linear simultaneous
rl efficiency of NO,/NO converter equations, where (1) to (4) derive from the fundamental
atomic conservation relationships and (5) to (9) represent the
gaseous product concentration relationships.
m+ TP,= P, +P, +xP, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( 1)
2. BASIS OF CALCULATION
OF EI AND AFR n + 2hP, = 2P4 + yP, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
PARAMETERS
(2R + 2T + h)P,
2.1 It is assumed that the balance between the original = 2 P , + 2 P , + P 4 + P , + 2 P , + P , . . . . . . . . . . (3)
fuel and air mixture and the resultant state of the exhaust
emissions as sampled can be represented by the following 2SP, = 2P2 + P, + P,
equation:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (41
[CO,] P, = P, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5)
CmHn + Po[R(O2) + SCNJ + T(CO2) + h(H2O)I
[CO] P, = P, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (6)
[NO,] f',P, + P, . . . . .
[NO] P, = P8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
from which the required parameters can, by definition, be
(9)
expressed as PT=P1 +P2+Pf + P 4 + P 5 + P b + P 7 + P 8 . . , . (10)
EI(HC) = rP.[ lWMnc 1 expresssd rr methaue equivalent
mM, + nM,
The above set of conditional equations is for the case
where all measured concentrations are true ones, that is, not
subiect to interference effects or to the need to correct for
sample drying. In practice, interference effects are usually
present to a significant degree in the CO, NO, and NO
measurements, and the option to measure CO, and CO on a
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