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atomic carbon of the fuel used, is evaluated by fuel type
analysis. The ambient air humidity, h, shall be measured at
each set condition. In the absence of contrary evidence as to
the characterization (x,y) of the exhaust hydrocarbons, the
values x = 1, y = 4 are to be used. If dry or semidry CO and
C02 measurements are to be used then these shall first be
converted to the equivalent wet concentration as shown in
Attachment E to this appendix, which also contains interference
correction formulas for use as required.
7.1.3 Correction of emission indices
to reference conditions
concentration of N2 + rare gases in dry by Corrections shall be made to the measured engine emission
volume = 0.709 2 normally indices for all pollutants in all relevant engine operating
modes to account for deviations from the reference conditions
C02 in dry by = (ISA at sea level) of the actual test inlet air conditions of
0.000 3 normally temperature and pressure. The reference value for humidity
shall be 0.00629 kg waterlkg dry air.
mean concentration of exhaust hydrocarbons
volfvol, expressed as carbon Thus, EI corrected = K x EI measured,
mean concentration of CO voYvol, wet where the generalized expression for K is:
mean concentration of C02 vol/vol, wet
K = (P,~,IP,)" x (FAR~~IFAR,)~
mean concenbation of NO, vol/vol, wet =
[NO + NO,]
x exp (IT,,, - T,(lc) x exp (d (h - 0.006 29 1)
mean concenbation of NO in exhaust sample, P, Combustor inlet pressure, measured
volfvol, wet
TB Combustor inlet temperature, measured
mean concentration of NO, in exhaust sample,
vollvol, wet FAR, Fuellair ratio in the combustor
-- (/NOXI, - m01) h Ambient air humidity
rl P=E ISA sea level pressure
~ -
mean concentration of NO in exhaust sample
after passing through the NO,/NO converter, T,, ISA sea level temperature
vol/vol, wet
efficiency of NOflO converter
Pm Pressure at the combustor inlet of the engine
tested (or the reference engine if the data is
Annex 16 - Environmentul Protection Volume II
corrected to a reference engine) associated
with T, under ISA sea level conditions.
Temperature at the combustor inlet under ISA
sea level conditions for the engine tested (or
the reference engine if the data is to be
corrected to a reference engine). This
wmperature is the temperature associated-with
each thrust level specified for each mode.
Fuelfair ratio in the combustor under ISA sea
I;b, The maximum thrust available for take-off under
normal operating conditions at ISA sea level static
conditions, without the use of water injection, as
approved by the applicable certificating authority.
R The ratio of the mean total pressure at the last
compressor discharge plane of the compressor to the
mean total pressure at the compressor entry plane
when the engine is developing take-off thrust rating
at ISA sea level static conditions.
level conditions for the engine tested (or the
reference engine if the data is to be corrected 7.2.2 The emission indices (EI) for each pollutant,
to a reference engine). corrected for pressure and humidity (as appropriate) to the
reference ambient atmospheric conditions as indicated in 7.1.4
a,b.c,d Specific constants which may vary for each and if necessary to the reference engine, shall be obtained for
pollutant and each engine type. the required LTO engine operating mode settings (n) of idle,
approach, climb-out and take-off, at each of the equivalent
The combustor inlet parameters shall preferably be corrected thrust conditions. A minimum of three test points
measured but may be calculated from ambient conditions by shall be required to &fine the idle mode. The following
appropriate formulas. relationships shall be determined for each pollutant:
7.1.4 Using the recommended curve fitting technique a) between EI and T, ; and
to relate emission indices to combustor inlet temperature
effectively eliminates the exp ((T,, - T,)/c) term from the b) between Wf (engine fuel mass flow rate) and TB : and
generalized equation and for most cases the (FAR,,/FARB)
term may be considered unity. For the emissions indices of c) between F, (corrected to ISA sea level conditions)
CO and HC many testing facilities have determined that the and T, (corrected to ISA sea level conditions);
humidity term is sufficiently close to unity to be eliminated
from the expression and that the exponent of the (P,,,/P,) Note.- These are illustrated, far example, by Figure 3-2
term is close to unity. a), b) and c).
Thus,
EI(C0) corrected = EI derived from
(P, lP,J EI(C0) v. T, curve
EI(HC) corrected = EI derived from
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