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complete emissions analysis system.
h) If a flow splitter is used, a test shall be conducted to
demonstrate that the flow splitter does not change the
smoke level passing to the filter holder. This may be
accomplished by reversing the outlet lines from the
flow splitter and showing that, within the accuracy of
the method, the smoke level does not change.
i) leak performance: the sub-system shall meet the
requirements of the following test:
I) clamp clean filter material into holder,
2) shut off valve A, fully open valves B, C and D.
3) run vacuum pump for one minute to reach equilibrium
conditions;
4) continue to pump and measure the volume flow
through the meter over a period of five minutes.
This volume shall not exceed 5 L (referred to
normal temperature and pressure) and the system
shall not be used until this standard has been
achieved.
j) rejectornetex: the measurements of the reflectance of
the filter material shall be by an instrument conforming
to the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) Standard No. PH2.1711977 for diffuser reflec-
2.5.1 Engine operation
2.5.1.1 The engine shall be operated on a static test
facility which is suitable and properly equipped for high
accuracy performance testing.
2.5.1.2 The tests shall be made at the power settings
approved by the certificating authority, The engine shall be
stabilized at each setting.
2.5.2 Leakage and cleanliness checks
No measurements shall be made until all sample transfer lines
and valves are warmed up and stable. Prior to a series of tests
the system shall be checked for leakage and cleanliness as
follows:
a) leakage check: isolate probe and close off end of
sample line, perform leakage test as specified in
2.3 g) with the exceptions that valve A is opened and
set to "bypass", valve D is closed and that the leakage
limit is 2 L. Restore probe and line interconnection;
b) cleanliness check:
1) open valves B, C and D;
2) run vacuum pump and alternately set valve A to
"bypass" and "sample" to purge the entire system
with clean air for five minutes;
3) set valve A to "bypass";
4) close valve D and c l a q clean filter material into
holder. Open valve D;
5) set valve .A to "sample" and reset back to
"bypass" after 50 kg of air per square metre of
filter has passed through the filter material;
6) measure resultant filter spot SN' as described in
paragraph 3 of this Appendix.;
Appendix 2 Annex 16 - Environmentul Protection
7) if this SN' exceeds 3, the system shall be cleaned value. The number of samples at each engine
(or otherwise rectified) until a value lower than 3 operating condition shall not be less than 3 and e) to
is obtained. g) shall be repeated as necessary.
The system shaU not be used until the requirements of
these leakage and cleanliness checks have been met. 3. CALCULATION OF SMOKE NUMBER
FROM MEASURED DATA
2.5.3 Smoke measurement
Smoke measurement shall be ma& independently of other
measurements unless the smoke values so measured are
sigiificantly below the limiting values, or unless it can be
demonstrated that the smoke values from simultaneous smoke
and gaseous emissions measurements are valid, in which case
smoke measurements may be made simultaneously with
gaseous emissions measurements. In all cases the bend radius
requirements for sampling lines detailed in 2.2.2 shall be
strictly observed. The smoke analysis sub-system shall be set
up and conform to the specifications of 2.3. Referring to
Figure 2-1, the following shall be the major operations in
acquiring the stained filter specimens:
a) during engine operation with the probe ia position,
valve A shall not be placed in the no-flow condition,
otherwise particulate buildup In the lines might be
encouraged;
b) set valve A to "bypass", close valve D and clamp
clean filter into holder. Continue to draw exhaust
sample in the bypass setting for at least five minutes
while the engine is at or near to the requisite
operating mode, valve C being set to give a flow rate
of 14 20.5 Llmin:
c) open valve D and set valve A to "srunple", use valve
B to set flow rate again to value set in b);
d) set valve A to "bypass" and close valve D, clamp
clean filter material into the holder;
e) when the engine is stabilized on condition, allow one
rniuute of sample flow with settings. as at d);
0 open valve D, set valve A to "sample", reset flow rate
if necessary, and allow chosen sample volume (see
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