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checks.
Note.- An aver-all specification t3 given in Attachment C
to this appendix.
6. GENERAL TEST PROCEDURES
6.1 Engine operation
The engine shall be operated on an open air static test facility
which is suitable and properly equipped for high accuracy
performance testing, and which conforms to the requirements
for sampling probe installation as specified in 5.1. The
emissions tests shall be made at the power settings prescribed
by the certificating authority. The engine shall be stabilized
at each setting.
6.2 Ambient air conditions
6.2.1 A check shall be made on the ambient concentrations
of CO, HC, CO, and NO,, with the engine under test
running at the test condition. Unusually high concentrations
indicate abnormal conditions such as exhaust gas recirculation,
fuel spillage or some other source of unwanted
emissions in the test area and such situations shall be rectified
or avoided as appropriate.
Note.- For guidance, the n o m l ambient concentration
of CO, is 0.03 per cent, and ambient concentration levels for
CO and HC of 5 ppm and NO, of 0.5 ppm are unlikely to be
exceeded under normal conditions.
6.2.2 Exaeme climatic conditions, such a those
involving precipitation or excessive wind speed shall also be
avoided.
6.3 Major instrument calibration
Note.- The general objective of this calibration is to
con$rm stability and linearity.
6.3.1 The applicant shall satisfy the certificating
authority that the calibration of the analytical system is valid
at the time of the test.
Appendu 5 Annex I6 - Environmental Protection
6.3.2 For the hydrocarbon analyser this calibration shall
include checks that the detector oxygen and differential
hydrocarbon responses are within the limits specified in
Attachment A to this appendix. The efficiency of the NO,/NO
converter shall also be checked and verified to meet the
requirements in Attachment C to this appendix.
6.3.3 The procedure for checking the performance of
each analyser shall be as follows (using the calibration and
test gases as specified in Attachment D to this appendix):
a) introduce zero gas and adjust instrument zero,
recording setting as appropriate;
b) for each range to be used operationally, inwoduce
calibration gas of (nominally) 90 per cent range fullscale
deflection (FSD) concentration; adjust instrument
gain accordingly and record its setting;
c) introduce approximately 30 per cent, 60 per cent, and
90 per cent range FSD concentrations and record
analy ser readings;
d) fit a least squares straight line to the zero, 30 per
cent, 60 per cent and 90 per cent concentration points.
For the CO andlor CO, analyser used in its basic form
without linearization of output, a least squares curve
of appropriate mathematical formulation shall be fitted
usillg additional calibration points if judged necessary.
If any point deviates by more than 2 per cent of the
full scale value (or il ppm*, whichever is @eater)
then a calibration curve shall be prepared for
operational use.
6.4 Operation
6.4.1 No measurements shall be made until all instruments
and sample transfer lines are warmed up and stable and
the following checks have been carried out:
a) leakage check: prior to a series of tests the system
shall be checked for leakage by isolating the probe
and the analysers, connecting and operating a vacuum
pump of equivalent performance to that used in the
smoke measurement system to verify that the system
leakage flow rate is less than 0.4 Llmin referred to
normal temperature and pressure;
b) cleanliness check: isolate the gas sampling system
from the probe and connect the end of the sampling
line to a source of zero gas. Warm the system up to
the operational temperature needed to perform hydrocarbon
measurements, Operate the sample flow pump
and set the flow rate to that used during engine
emission testing. Record the hydrocarbon analyser
reading. The reading shall not exceed 1 per cent of
the engine idle emissioi~ level or 1 ppm (both
expressed as methane), whichever is the greater.
Note 1.- It is good practice to back-purge the sampling
lines during engine running, while the probe is in the engine
exhaust but emissions are not being measured, to ensure that
no significant contamination occurs.
Note. 2- It is also good practice to monitor the inlet air
quality at the sfurt and end of testing and at least once per
hour during a test. I f levels are considered sign@cant, then
they should be taken into account.
6.4.2 The following prccedure shall be adopted for
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