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4.3 Suitable simple two-dimensional array equationsolving
computer programmes are widely available and their
use for this purpose is convenient and flexible, allowing ready
incorporation and identification of any sample drying options
and interference or other corrections,
ATTACHMENT F TO APPENDIX 3. SPECIFICATIONS FOR
ADDITIONAL DATA
As required in 3.2 of Appendix 3, in addition to the measured
sample constituent concentrations, the following data shall
also be provided;
a) inlet temperature: measured as the total temperature
at a point within one diameter of the engine intake
plane to an accuracy of d.S°C;
b) inlet humidity (kg waterkg dry air): measured at a
point within 15 m of the intake plane ahead of the
engine to au accuracy of 6 per cent of reading;
c) atmospheric pressure: measured within 1 km of the
engine test location and corrected as necessary to the
test stand altitude to an accuracy of *lo0 Pa;
d) fuel mass flow: by direct measurement to an accuracy
of +2 per cent;
e) fuel HIC ratio: defined as dm, where C,H, is the
equivalent hydrocarbon representation of the fuel used
in the test and evaluated by reference to the engine
fuel type analysis;
f ) engine parameters:
1) thrust: by direct measurement to an accuracy of
+1 per cent at take-off power and rt5 per cent at
the minimum thrust used in the certification test,
with linear variation between these points;
2) rotation speed(s): by direct measurement to an
accuracy of at least d . 5 per cent;
3) gas generator airflow: determined to an accuracy
of 22 per cent by reference to engine performance
calibration.
The parameters a), b), d) and f) shall be determined at
each engine emissions test setting, while c) shall be
determined at inte~alsof not less than 1 hour over a period
encompassing that of the emissions tests.
APPENDIX 4. SPECIF'ICATION FOR FUEL TO BE USED IN
AIRCRAFT TURBINE ENGINE EMISSION TESTING
Density kg/m3 at 15'C
Distillation temperature, OC
10% boiling point
Final boiling point
Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg
Aromatics, volume %
Naphthalenes, volume %
Smoke point, mm
Hydrogen, mass %
Sulphur, mass %
Kinematic viscosity at -20°C, m2/s
Allowable range
of values
155 - 201
235 - 285
42.86 - 43.50
15 - 23
1.0 - 3.5
20 - 28
13.4 - 14.1
less than 0.3%
2.5 - 6.5
ANNEX 16 - VOLUME I1
APPENDIX 5. INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
FOR GASEOUS EMISSIONS FROM
AFTERBURNING GAS TURBINE ENGINES
1. INTRODUCTION
Note.- The procedures specified in this appendix are
concerned with the acquisition of representative exhaust
samples and their transmission to, and analysis by, the
emissions measuring system. These procedures only apply
when afterburning is employed, The methods proposed are
representative of the best readily available and most
established modern practice. The need to correct for ambient
conditions is recognized and a method will be specified when
one becomes available. Meanwhile any correction methods
used when aferburning is employed should be approved by
the certificating authority.
Variations in the procedure contained in this appendix
shall only be allowed after prior application to and approval
by the certificating authority.
Non-dispersive infm-red analyser. An instrument that by
absorption of infra-red energy selectively measures specific
components.
Parts per million (ppm), The unit volume concentration
of a gas per million unit volume of the gas mixture of which
it is a part.
Parts per million carbon (ppmC). The mole fraction of
hydrocarbon multiplied by 10' measured on a methaneequivalence
basis. Thus, 1 ppm of methane is indicatad as
1 ppmC. To convert ppm concentration of any hydrocarbon
to an equivalent ppmC value, multiply ppm concentration by
the number of carbon atoms per molecule of the gas. For
example, I pprn propane translates as 3 ppmC hydrocarbon;
1 ppm hexane as 6 ppmC hydrocarbon.
Plume. Total external engine exhaust flow, including any
ambient air with which the exhaust mixes.
2. DEFINITIONS
Where the following expressions are used without further
explanation in this appendix, they have the meanings ascribed
to them below:
Accumcy. The closeness with which a measurement
approaches the true value established independently.
Calibration gas. A high accuracy reference gas to be used
for alignment, adjustment and periodic checks of instruments.
Concentration. The volume fraction of the component of
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