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a representative sample for each prescribed power
setting.
2.2 Sampling line for
smoke emissions
2.2.1 The sample shall be transferred from the probe to
the sample collection system via a .line of 4.0 to 8.5 rnrn
inside diameter taking the shortest route practicable which
shall in no case be greater than 25 m. The line temperature
shall be maintained at a temperature between 60°C and 175°C
with a stability of .c15OC, except for the distance required to
cool the gas from the engine exhaust temperature down to the
line control temmrature.
2.2.2 Sampling lines shall be as "straight through as
possible. Any necessary bends shall have radii which are
greater than 10 times the inside diameter of the lines. The
material of the lines shall be such as to discourage build-up
of particulate matter or static electricity.
Note.- Stainless steel, copper orcarbon-loadedg rounded
polytetrajluoroethylene (PTFE) meet these requirements.
2.3 Smoke analysis system
Note.- The method prescribed herein is bmed upon the
measurement of the reduction in rejectance of a filter when
stained by a given mass pow of exhaust sample.
a) The probe shall be made of stainless steel. If a mixing The arrangement of the various components of the system
probe is used, all sampling orifices shall be of equal for acquiring the necessary stained filter samples shall be as
diameter. shown schematically in Figure 2-1. An optional bypass
ll/ll/93 14 ANNEX 16 - VOLUME I1
Appendix 2 Annex Id - Environmental Protection
around the volume meter may be installed to facilitate meter
reading. The major elements of the system shall meet the
following requirements:.
a) sample size measurement: a wet or dry positive displacement
volume meter shall be used to measure
sample volume to an accuracy of +2 per cent. The
pressure and temperature at entry to this meter shall
also be measured to accuracies of 0.2 per cent and
k2"C respectively;
b) sample Jlow rate measurement: the sample flow rate
shall be maintained at a value of 14 *0.5 Llmin and
the flowmeter for this purpose shall be able to make
this measurement with an accuracy of per cent;
c) filter and holder: the filter holder shall be consWucted
in corrosion-resistant material and shall have the flow
channel configuration shown in Figure 2-1. The filter
material shall be Whatman type No. 4, or any equivalent
approved by the certificating authority;
d) valves: four valve elements shall be provided as
indicated in Figure 2- 1 :
1) valve A shall be a quick-acting, full-flow, flow
diverter enabling the incoming sample to be
directed through the measuring filter or around the
bypass circuits or shut off;
Note.- Valve A my, if necessary, consist of
two valves interlocked to give the requisite
function.
2) valves B and C shall be throttling valves used to
establish the system flow rate;
FLOW
PLANE OF FILTER
= 19 to 37.5 rnrn
= 5" to 7.5"
= 20' to 30"
HOLDER
Figure 2-1. Smoke analysis system
1s
Annex 16 - Environmental Protectbn Volume II
3) valve D shall be a shut-off valve to enable the tion density. The diameter of the reflectometer light
filter holder to be isolated; beam on the filter paper shall not exceed Dl2 nor be
less than Dl10 where D is the diameter of filter
all valves shall be made of corrosion-resistant stained spot as defined in Figure 2-1.
material;
e) vacuum pump: this pump shall have a no-flow
vacuum capability of -75 kPa with respect to atrnos-
2.4 Fuel specifications
pheric pres~urei;k full-flow rate shall not be less than fuel shall meet the specihcations of Appendix 4 Addi-
28 Llrnin at normal temperature and pressure; tives used for the purpose of smoke suppression (such as
organo-metallic compounds) shall not be present.
f ) temperature control: the incoming sample line
through to the filter holder shall be maintained at a
temperature between 60°C and 175°C with a stability
of *15"C; 2.5 Smoke measurement procedures
Note.- The objective is to prevent water condensation
prior to reaching the filter houer and
within it.
g) If it is desired to draw a higher sample flow rate
through the probe than through the Elter holder, an
optional flow splitter may be located between the
probe and valve A (Figure 2-I), to dump excess flow.
The dump line shall be as close as possible to probe
off-take and shall not affect the ability of the
sampling system to maintain the required 80 per cent
pressure drop across the probe assembly. The dump
flow may also be sent to the COT analyser or
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