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Appendix 3 Annex 16 - Environmental Protection
ATTACHMENT E TO APPENDIX 3. THE CALCULATION OF THE EMISSIONS
PARAMETERS - BASIS, MEASUREMENT CORRECTIONS AND
ALTERNATIVE NUMERICAL METHOD
1. SYMBOLS
airlfuel ratio, the ratio of the mass flow rate of
dry air to that of the fuel
emission index; 10' x mass flow rate of gaseous
emission product in exhaust per unit mass flow
rate of fuel
ratio of concentration measured wet to that
measured dry (after cold trap)
analyser interference coefficient for interference
by CO,
analyser interference coefficient for interference
by Hz0
molecular mass of dry air = 28.966 g or, where
appropriate, = (32 R + 28.156 4 S + 44.011 T) g
molecular mass of CO = 28.011 g
molecular mass of exhaust hydrocarbon, taken as
CH, = 16.043 g
molecular mass of NO, = 46.008 g
atomic mass of carbon = 12.011 g
atomic mass of hydrogen = 1.008 g
number of moles of CO, in the exhaust sample
per mole of fuel
number of moles of N, in the exhaust sample per
mole of fuel
number of moles of 0, in the exhaust sample per
mole of fuel
number of moles of H,O in the exhaust sample
per mole of fuel
number of moles of NO, in the exhaust sample
per mole of fuel
number of moles of NO in the exhaust sample
per mole of fuel
concenbation of O2 in dry air, by volume =
0.2095 normally
concentration of N, + rare gases in dry air, by
volume = 0.7902 normally
concenbation of CO, in dry air, by volume =
0.0003 normally
number of moles of air p em~o le of fuel in initial
aidfuel mixture
symbol used and defined in 3.4
mean concenlration of CO, in exhaust sample,
v0Uvol
mean concenwation of CO in exhaust sample,
v0Uvol
mean concentration of HC in exhaust sample,
vol Clvol
mean concentration of NO in exhaust sample,
v0Uvol
mean concen~tiono f NO2 in exhaust sample,
voVvol
mean concentration of NO and NO2 in exhaust
sample, vollvol
mean concen!ration of NO in exhaust sample,
after passing through the N02/N0 converter,
vol/vol
mean = (FO~I~-/NOI)
ps number of moles of CO in the exhaust sample [ 1, mean concenwation in exhaust sample after cold
per mole of fuel trap, vol/vol
P d number of moles of CJy in the exhaust sample [ 1, mean concentration measurement indicated before
per mole of fuel instrument correction applied, vollvol
31 llIlV93
Annex 16 - Environmental Protection Volume 11
h humidity of ambient air, vol waterlvol dry air n/m is so determined, the value rn = 12 may be assigned. The
mole fractions of the dry air constituents (R, S, T) are
hi humidity of exhaust sample leaving "drier" or normally taken to be the recommended standard values but
"cold trap", vol waterfvol dry sample alternative values may be assigned, subject to the restriction
R + S + T = 1 and the approval of the certificating authority.
m number of C atoms .in characteristic fuel
molecule 2.3 The ambient air humidity, h, is as measured at each
test condition. It 'is recommended that, in the absence of
n number of in characteristic contrary evidence as to the characterization (x, y) of the
molecule exhaust hydrocarbon, values of x = 1 and y = 4 are assigned.
x number of C atoms in characteristic exhaust
hydrocarbon molecule 2.4 Determination of the remaining unknowns requires
the solution of the following set of linear simultaneous
Y number of H atoms in characteristic exhaust equations, where (1) to (4) derive from the fundamental
hydrocarbon molecule atomic conservation relationships and (5) to (9) represent the
gaseous product concentration relationships.
"I efficiency of N02/N0 converter ,
rn + TPo = P, + P, + xP6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1)
n + 2hP, = 2P4 + yP6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)
2. BASIS OF CALCULATION OF EI
AND AFR PARAMETERS (2R + 2T + h)P,
= 2P1 + 2P, + P4 + P,+ 2P, + P, . . . . . . . . . . (3)
2.1 It is assumed that the balance between the original
fuel and air mixture and the resultant state of the exhaust 2SP0 = 2P2 + P, + P, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4)
emissions as sampled can be represented by the following
equation: [CO,] P, = P, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5)
= P1(CO2) + PA?&) + P3(02) + P4(H,O) [HC] P, = xP, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (7)
+ ps(co) + p6(c&) + P7(No2) + [No,] pF q PI + P, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (8)
from which the required parameters can, by definition, be [NO] PT = Ps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (9)
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