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Washington and London for both routine and back-up SIGWX
forecasts.
ATT C-2
Attachment C Anna 3 - Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation
Table C-1. Routine and back-up SIGWX areas with WMO headers
S WH area Primary WAFC WMO header
I
J
K
M
NAT
EUR
MID
S ASIA
Washington
London
Washington
London
London
London
Washington
London
London
Washington
Washington
Washington
London
Washington
Washington
London
London
London
PGEE07 KKCI
PGSE06 EGRR
PGIE07 KKCI
PGRE06 EGRR
PGZE06 EGRR
PGGE06 EGRR
PGGE07 KKCI
PGCE06 EGRR
PGAE06 EGRR
PGAE07 KKCI
PGBE07 KKCl
PGJE07 KKCI
PGKE06 EGRR
PGDE30 KKCI
PGNE40 KKCI
PGDEI 5 EGRR
PGCE 1 5 EGRR
PGZE 15 EGRR
ATT C-3
ATTACHMENT D. SELECTED CRITERIA APPLICABLE TO
AERODROME REPORTS
~ e g u i d o n c ein this mble rehtes to Chapter 4 andAppendix 3.)
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ATTACHMENT E. CONVERSION, OF INSTRUMENTED
READINGS INTO RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE AND VISIBILITY
(See Appendix 3, 4.3.5 of this Annex.)
1. The conversion of instrumented readings into runway
visual range and visibility is based on Koschmieder's Law or
Allard's Law, depending on whether the pilot can be expected
to obtain main visual guidance from the runway and its
markings or from the runway lights. In the interest of standardization
in runway visual range assessments, this Attachment
provides guidance on the use and application of the main
conversion factors to be used in these computations.
2. In Koschmieder's Law one of the factors to be taken
into account is the pilot contrast threshold. The agreed
constant to be used for this is 0.05 (dimensionless).
3. In Allard's Law the corresponding factor is the
illumination threshold. This is not a constant, but a continuous
function dependent on the background luminance. The agreed
relationship to be used in instrumented systems with continuous
adjustment of the illumination threshold by a background
luminance sensor is shown by the curve in Figure E-1. The use
of a continuous function which approximates the step function
such as displayed in Figure E-1 is preferred, due to its higher
accuracy, to the stepped relationship described in paragraph 4.
4. In instrumented systems without continuous adjustment
of the illumination threshold, the use of four equally
spaced illumination threshold values with agreed corresponding
back-ground luminance ranges is convenient but will
reduce accuracy. The four values are shown in Figure E-1 in
the form of a stcp function; they are tabulated in Table E-1 for
greater clarity.
Note 1.- Information and guidance material on the
runway lights to be used for assessment of runway visual
range are contained in the Manual of Runway Visual Range
Observing and Reporting Practices (Doc 9328).
Note 2.- In accordance with the definition of visibility for
aeronauticalpurposes, the intensity of lights to be used for the
assessment of visibility is in the vicinity of 1 000 cd.
Night
7 I I I
log (E,) =
0.57 log (L1) + 0.05 [log(B)] - 6.66
Background luminance (cd/m2)
Figure E-1. Relationship between the illumination threshold E,(Ix)
and background luminance B (cd/m2)
ANNEX 3 ATT E-1
Annex 3 - Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation Attachment E
Table E-1. illumination threshold steps
Condition
Illumination threshold Background luminance
(1-4 (cdm2)
Night 8 x lo-' -< 50
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