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should be madefi-om helicopters at points and times as
agreed between the meteorological authorities and the
helicopter operators concped.
5.3.4 In the case of air routes with high-density air traffic
(e.g. organized tracks), an aircraft from among the aircraft
operating at each flight level shall be designated, at
approximately hourly intervals, to make routine observations
in accordance with 5.3.1 or 5.3.2, as appropriate. The designation
procedures shall be subject to regional air navigation
agreement.
5.3.5 In the case of the requirement to report during the
climb-out phase, an aircraft shall be designated, at approximately
hourly intervals, at each aerodrome to make routine
observations in accordance with 5.3.1.
5.4 Rontine aircraft observations - exemptions
5.4.1 When voice communications are used, an aircraft
shall be exempted from making the routine observations
specified in 5.3.2 when:
a) the aircraft is not equipped with RNAV equipment; or
b) the flight duration is 2 hours or less; or
c) the aircraft is at a distance equivalent to less than one
hour of flying time from the next intended point of
landing; or
d) the altitude of the flight path is below 1500m
(5 000 ft).
5.4.2 Recommendation- When voice communications
are used, additional exemptions may be prescribed by regional
air navigation agreement forflights over routes and areas with
high-density air traffic and/or with adequate synoptic
networks. Such procedures should take the form of exemption
or designation procedures and should:
a) make it possible for the minimum requirements for
aircrafi observations of all meteorological offices
concerned to be met; and
b) be as simple as possible to implement and preferably not
involving consideration of individual cases.
5.5 Special aircraft observations
Special observations shall be made by all aircraft whenever the
following conditions are encountered or observed:
ANNEX 3 5- 1 25/11/04
Annex 3 - Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation Chapter 5
a) severe turbulence; or
b) severe icing; or
c) severe mountain wave; or
d) thunderstorms, without hail, that are obscured,
embedded, widespread or in squall lines; or
e) thunderstorms, with hail, that are obscured, embedded,
widespread or in squall lines; or
f ) heavy duststorm or heavy sandstorm; or
g) volcanic ash cloud; or
h) pre-eruption volcanic activity or a volcanic eruption.
Note.- Pre-eruption volcanic activity in this context
means unusual and/or increasing volcanic activity which
could presage a volcanic eruption.
In addition, in the case of transonic and supersonic flights:
i) moderate turbulence; or
j) hail; or
k) cumulonimbus clouds.
5.7 Reporting of aircraft observations
during flight
5.7.1 Aircraft observations shall be reported by airground
data link. Where air-ground data link is not available
or appropriate, aircraft observations during flight shall be
reported by voice communications.
5.7.2 Aircraft observations shall be reported during flight
at the time the observation is made or as soon thereafter as is
practicable.
5.7.3 Aircraft observations shall be reported as airreports.
5.8 Relay of air-reports by ATS units
The meteorological authority concerned shall make arrangements
with the appropriate ATS authority to ensure that, on
receipt by the ATS units of:
a) routine and special air-reports by voice communications,
the ATS units relay them without delay to their
associated meteorological watch office;
b) routine air-reports by data link communications, the
ATS units relay them without delay to WAFCs; and
c) special air-reports by data link communications, the
ATS units relay them without delay to their associated
meteorological watch office and WAFCs.
5.6 Other non-routine aircraft observations
When other meteorological conditions not listed under 5.5, e.g.
wind shear, are encountered and which, in the opinion of the
pilot-in-command, may affect the safety or markedly affect the
efficiency of other aircraft operations, the pilot-in-command
shall advise the appropriate air traffic services unit as soon as
practicable.
Note.- Icing, turbulence and, to a large extent, wind sheal;
are elements which, for the time being, cannot be satisfactorily
observedfiom the ground and for which in most cases aircrafi
observations represent the only available evidence.
5.9 Recording and post-flight reporting of
aircraft observations of
volcanic activity
Special aircraft observations of pre-eruption volcanic activity,
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