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1. GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATED TO Note.- The METAR and SPECI code forms are contained
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS in WMO Publication No. 306, Manual on Codes, Volume I.I,
Part A - Alphanumeric Codes.
1.1 Recommendation.- The meteorological instruments
used at an aerodrome should be situated in such a way as to
supply data which are representative of the area for which the
measurements are required.
Note.- Specifications concerning the siting and construction
of equipment and installations on operational a m ,
aimed at reducing the hazard to aircrafi to a minimum, are
contained in Annex 14, Volume I, Chapter 8.
1.2 Recommendation.- Meteorological instruments at
aeronautical meteorological stations should be exposed,
operated and maintained in accordance with the practices,
procedures and specifications promulgated by the World
Meteorological Organization.
1.3 Recommendation.- The observers at an aerodrome
should be located, in so far as is practicable, so as to supply
data which are representative of the area for which the
observations are required.
1.4 Recommendation.- Where automated equipment
forms part of an integrated semi-automatic observing system,
displays of data which are made available to the local ATS
units should be a subset of and displayed parallel to those
available in the local meteorological service unit. In those displays,
each meteorological element should be annotated to
identfi as appropriate, the locations for which the element is
representative.
2. GENERAL CRITERIA RELATED TO
METEOROLOGICAL REPORTS
2.1 Format of meteorological reports
2.2 Use of CAVOK
When the following conditions occur simultaneously at the
time of observation:
a) visibility, 10 km or more;
Note.- In local routine and special reports, visibility
refers to the value(s) to be reported in accordance with
4.2.4.2 and 4.2.4.3; in METAR and SPECI, visibility refers
to the value(s) to be reported in accordance with 4.2.4.4.
b) no cloud below 1 500 m (5 000 ft) or below the highest
minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, and no
cumulonimbus;
c) no weather of significance to aviation as given in 4.4.2.3
and 4.4.2.4;
information on visibility, runway visual range, present weather
and cloud amount, cloud type and height of cloud base shall be
replaced in all meteorological reports by the term "CAVOK.
2.3 Criteria for issuance of local special reports
and SPECI
2.3.1 The list of criteria for the issuance of local special
reports shall include the following:
a) those values which most closely correspond with the
operating minima of the operators using the aerodrome;
b) those values which satisfy other local requirements of
the air traffic services units and of the operators;
c) an increase in air temperature of 2°C or more from that
2.1.1 Local routine and special reports shall be issued in given in the latest report, or an alternative threshold
abbreviated plain language, in accordance with the template value as agreed between the meteorological authority,
shown in Table A3-1. the appropriate ATS authority and operators concerned;
2.1.2 METAR and SPEC1 shall be issued in accordance d) the available supplementary information concerning the
with the template shown in Table A3-2 and disseminated in the occurrence of significant meteorological conditions in
METAR and SPEC1 code forms prescribed by the World the approach and climb-out areas as given in
Meteorological Organization. Table A3-1; and
ANNEX 3 APP 3-1 25111IO4
Annex 3 - Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation Appendix 3
e) those values which constitute criteria for SPECI.
2.3.2 Recommendation.- SPECI should be issued
whenever changes in accordance with the following criteria
occur:
.. .
a) when the mean su$ace wind direction has changed
by 60" or more fiom that given in the latest report,
the mean speed before andor after the change being
20 kmh (1 0 kt) or more;
b) when the mean su$ace wind speed has changed by
20 k d h (10 kt) or more from that given in the latest
report;
c) when the variation fhm the mean su$ace wind speed
(gusts) has increased by 20 h/h (1 0 kt) or more from
that given in the latest report, the mean speed before
andor after the change being 30 kmh (1 5 kt) or more;
d) when the wind changes through values of operational
significance. The threshold values should be established
by the meteorological authority in consultation with the
appropriate ATS authority and operators concerned,
taking into account changes in the wind which would:
I) 'require a change in runway(s) in use; and
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