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mean sea level.
4.5.4 Reporting
4.5.4.1 Recommendation.- In local routine and special
reports and in METAR and SPECI:
a) cloud amount should be reported using the abbrwiations
"FEW" (I to 2 o h ) , "SCT" (3 to 4 o h ) ,
"BKN" (5 to 7 oktas) or "OVC" (8 oktas);
b) cumulonimbus cloudr and towering cumulus cloudr
should be indicated as "CB" and "TCU': respectively;
c) the height of cloud bare should be reported in steps of
30 m (100fl) up to 3 000 m (I0 000ff) and in steps of
300 m (I 000fi) above 3 000 m (10 000f);
d) the vertical visibility should be reported in steps of 30 m
(I 00 f ) up to 600 m (2 000jl);
e) if there are no cloudr and no restriction on vertical
visibility and the abbreviation "CAVOK" is not
appropriate, the abbreviation "SKC" should be used;
j i f there are no cloudi of operational significance, no
cumulonimbus and no restriction on vertical visibili~
and the abbreviations "CAVOK" and "SKC" are not
appropriate, the abbreviation "NSC" should be used;
g) when several layers or masses of cloud of operational
significance are observed, their amount and height of
cloud base should be reported in increaring order of the
height of cloud bare, and in accordance with the
following criteria:
I) the lowest layer or mars, regardless of amount to be
reported as FEW SCT, BKN or OVC ar appropriate;
2) the next layer or mars, covering more than 2/8 to be
reported as SCT, BKN or OVC as appropriate;
3) the next higher layer or mass, covering more than
4/8 to be reported as BKN or OVC as appropriate:
and
4) cumulonimbus andlor towering cumulus cloudr,
whenever observed and not reported in I) to 3);
h) when the cloud base is d~ffuseo r ragged orfluctuating
rapidly, the minimum height of cloud bare, or cloud
fragments, should be reported; and
APP 3-9 25/11/04
Annex 3 - Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation Appendix 3
i) when an individual layer (mass) of cloud is composed of
cumulonimbus and towering cumulus clouds with a
common cloud base, the type of cloud should be
reported as cumulonimbus only.
Note.-- Towering cumulus indicates cumulus congestus
clouds of great vertical extent.
4.5.4.2 In local routine and special reports:
a) the units of measurement used for the height of cloud
base and vertical visibility shall be indicated; and
b) when there is more than one runway in use and the
heights of cloud bases are observed by instruments for
these runways, the available heights of cloud bases for
each runway.shal1 be reported and the runways to which
the values refer shall be indicated.
4.6 Air temperature and dew-point temperature
4.6.1 Display
Recommendation.- When automated equipment is used
for the measurement of air temperature and dew-point temperature,
air temperature and dew-point temperature displays
should be located in the meteorological station with corresponding
displays in the appropriate air traffic services units.
The displays in the meteorological station and in the air traffic
services units should relate to the same sensors.
4.6.2 Reporting
4.6.2.1 In local routine and special reports and in
METAR and SPECI, the air temperature and the dew-point
temperature shall be reported in steps of whole degrees
Celsius. Any observed value which does not fit the reporting
scale in use shall be rounded to the nearest whole degree
Celsius, with observed values involving 0.5" rounded up to
the next higher whole degree Celsius.
4.6.2.2 In local routine and special reports and in
METAR and SPECI, a temperature below O°C shall be
identified.
displayed for more than one runway, as specif ed in 4.7.3.2 d),
the displays shall be clearly marked to identify the runway to
which the QFE value displayed refers.
4.7.2 Reference level
Recommendation.- The refrence level for the computation
of QFE should be the aerodrome elevation. For
nun-precision approach runways, the thresholds of which are
2 m (79) or more below or above the aerodrome elevation,
and for precision approach runways, the QFE, if required,
should refer to the relevant threshold elevation.
4.7.3 Reporting
4.7.3.1 For local routine and special reports and in
METAR and SPECI, QNH and QFE shall be computed in
tenths of hectopascals and reported therein in steps of whole
hectopascals, using four digits. Any observed value which
does not fit the reporting scale in use shall be rounded down
to the nearest lower whole hectopascal.
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