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Comment: A. Ty-2; B. Ty-3
Figure 3-33. Cord, nylon, Ty-1a.
Specification: PIA-C-7515
Strength: 400 lb
Identification: Braided line
Common use: Several sport round reserves
Comment: N/A
Figure 3-34. Cord, Dacron.
Specification: Commercial
Strength: A. 400 lb; B. 500 lb; C. 600 lb;
D. 900 lb
Identification: Braided hollow line
Common use: Ram-air canopies
Comment: N/A
3-11
Figure 3-35. Cord, Kevlar®.
Specification: PIA-C-87129
Strength: 700 lb
Identification: Braided, untreated
Common use: Early ram-air canopies
Comment: N/A
Figure 3-36. Cord, Spectra®.
Specification: Commercial
Strength: A. 725 lb; B. 940 lb; C. 1800 lb
Identification: Braided line
Common use: Modern ram-air canopies
Comment: N/A
Figure 3-37. Cord, Spectra®.
Specification: Commercial
Strength: 300 lb
Identification: Braided, untreated
Common use: CYPRES® closing loops
Comment: N/A
Figure 3-38. Cord, Vectran® LCP.
Specification: Commercial
Strength: A. 1000 lb; B. 1600 lb
Identification: Braided
Common use: Strong tandem main canopies
Comment: N/A
3-12
Figure 3-39. Cord, elastic.
Specification: MIL-C-5650
Strength: N/A
Identification: 1/8" diameter
Common use: Safety Stows on free bag systems
Comment: Commonly known as “shockcord.”
Figure 3-40. Thread, nylon.
Specification: V-T-295
Strength: A. E/8.5 lb; B. FF/16 lb; C. 3 cord/24
lb; D. 5 cord/40 lb
Identification: As marked
Common use: E thread for canopy and general
sewing
FF for container reinforcing
3 cord for light harness construction
5 cord for general harness construction
Comment: These are the most common threads
used.
Figure 3-41. A. Thread, cotton, 24/4; B. Thread, cotton,
3-cord.
Specification: V-T-276
Strength: A. 4.5 lb; B. 16 lb
Identification: N/A
Common use: 24/4 sealing reserves,
3-cord-hand tacking, break tackings
Comment: N/A
Figure 3-42. Thread, nylon, flat braided (supertack).
Specification: MIL-T-43435
Strength: 80-90 lb
Identification: Black or white colors
Common use: Hand tacking
Comment: N/A
3-13
HARDWARE
Hardware, as defined in the context of parachutes, is “all
metal parts associated with parachutes, their systems, and
their suspended loads.” Most riggers identify hardware as
the snaps, adapters, rings, links, and releases commonly
used on harnesses. In addition to these components, other
hardware includes items such as lightweight links and
snaps, ripcords and handles, stiffeners, grommets,
springs, and snap fasteners. [Figures 3-44 through 3-78]
Most load bearing hardware consists of drop forged alloy
steel, sheet alloy steel, or forged aluminum alloy.
Lightweight hardware may be stamped from the sheet
alloy steel, or in rare instances, cast. The majority of the
load bearing hardware is forged carbon steel with either
cadmium or zinc plating.
In recent years, there has been a movement to produce
newer design hardware of stainless steel. This removes
the problem of plating and the environmental problems
associated with it. However, stainless is harder on the
forging dies and the finishing processes take longer.
Consequently, stainless hardware is generally more
expensive than carbon steel.
All specification hardware has the appropriate number
stamped or marked on it. The MS prefix is on those with
the MIL-SPEC certification. All with the newer PIA certification
have the mark with the PS (Parachute Standards)
prefix. [Figure 3-43] Most of the current hardware has the
mark with the MS prefix. As current stocks deplete, the
mark on new production is with the PS prefix.
Figure 3-43. Parachute standards
marking example.
Figure 3-44. Snap, B-12.
Specification: MS22044
Proof load: 2500 lb
Identification: As marked
Common use: Leg snaps on sport harnesses, USAF
B-12 assembly
Comment: Used with small frame adjustable “V”
ring.
Figure 3-45. Ejector snap, non-adjustable.
Specification: MS22017
Proof load: 2500 lb
Identification: As marked
Common use: Military harnesses
Comment: Use with large frame “V” rings.
3-14
Figure 3-46. Snap, quick fit.
Specification: MS22043
Proof load: 2500 lb
Identification: As marked
Common use: Aviator emergency parachute system
Comment: Snap portion is the same as the B-12
snap.
Figure 3-47. Snap, quick fit ejector.
Specification: MS22018
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Parachute Rigger Handbook(30)
