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“para,” for shield and “chute,” to fall.
Thus, “parachute” literally means “to
defend from a fall.”
PARTIAL INVERSION—A
type of deployment malfunction. It
occurs when one or more gore sections
near the skirt become inverted
during deployment and form a small
pocket which inflates, causing a partial
inversion of the canopy. The condition
may or may not work out or
may become a complete inversion;
i.e., the canopy turns completely
inside-out. It is the skirt, not the line,
which is “over;” not to be confused
with a “line-over.” Also known as a
“Mae West.”
PATCHING—Method of repair
by covering a hole or tear in a canopy
or pack.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS—
The specifications which
define the minimum performance and
safety standards for certificating
parachutes. There are three standards
that have been used or are in use.
They are NAS-804, AS-8015A, and
AS-8015B.
PERMEABILITY—The mass
rate of flow or the volume rate of
flow per unit projected area of cloth
for a prescribed pressure differential.
In the U.S., permeability is measured
in cubic feet of air through one
square foot per minute at 1/2" of
water pressure. Sometimes confused
with porosity.
PERSONNEL
PARACHUTES—Parachutes
designed expressly for human use as
opposed to cargo drops or aircraft
deceleration.
G-9
PIGGYBACK—A single harness,
dual parachute system used for
intentional parachute jumping where
both parachutes are mounted on the
back of the jumper.
PILOT CHUTE ASSIST
SYSTEM—A connection of
breakcord or Velcro® between the
static line and the pilot chute of a sport
parachute which pulls the pilot chute
out of the pack and then separates.
PILOT CHUTE—A small parachute
used to accelerate deployment;
constructed in much the same manner
as the main canopy and from similar
material. Some types of pilot chutes
are equipped with a spring-operated,
quick-opening device. The frame is
compressed so as to open immediately
when released from the pack.
PIN PROTECTOR FLAP—
A flap which covers the locking pins
and cones to prevent the pack from
being opened by any means other
than the ripcord.
PINS, LOCKING—Straight or
curved metal pins used with a throwout
or pull-out pilot chute for securing
the container closed.
PLATE, TENSION—A device
hooked into the connector links in
order to put tension on the canopy
while packing.
PLEAT—A fold sewn in the fabric.
POCKET, DATA—A small
patch pocket sewed to a parachute
pack for carrying the parachute packing
data card.
POCKET, RIPCORD HANDLE—
Elastic or spring edged
pocket that holds ripcord handle in an
accessible position on the harness.
The chest-type pocket consists of a
piece of straight elastic webbing
serving the same purpose.
POROSITY—The ratio of void or
interstitial area to total area of a cloth
expressed in percent. The ratio of
open space to covered area of a drag
surface. Used for ring slot, ribbon,
ring sail, and rotafoil canopies. Not to
be confused with permeability.
PREMATURE OPENING—
Opening of a parachute before the
user is clear of the aircraft; any accidental
opening of a parachute.
PREPACK INSPECTION—
The inspection made on the parachute
prior to its packing.
PRESSER FOOT—The part of
the sewing machine above the feed
dog that holds the fabric in place.
PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE
(PM)—The systematic
care, servicing, and inspection of
equipment and facilities for the purpose
of maintaining them in a serviceable
condition and detecting and
correcting incipient failures. Simple
or minor preservation operations and
the replacement of small standard
parts not involving complex assembly
operations.
PROOF LOAD—The testing of
an item for conformance with
strength requirements.
PROPER LAYOUT—Process
by which the canopy and suspension
lines are arranged on the packing
table for inspection and packing.
PULL THE DOT—A particular
type of snap fastener that can only be
opened or closed by pulling in one
direction designated by an indented
dot on the button.
PULL-UP CORDS—Nylon
cords of varying length used to pull
up the sides and ends of the container
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Parachute Rigger Handbook(110)
