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The developed phase occurs when the glider’s angular
rotation rate, airspeed, and vertical speed are stabilized
while in a flight path that is nearly vertical. This is
when glider aerodynamic forces and inertial forces are
in balance, and the attitude, angles, and self-sustaining
motions about the vertical axis are constant or repetitive.
The spin is in equilibrium.
RECOVERY PHASE
The recovery phase occurs when the angle of attack of
the wings drops below the critical angle of attack and
autorotation slows. Then the nose drops below the spin
pitch attitude and rotation stops. This phase may last
for a quarter turn to several turns.
To recover, control inputs are initiated to disrupt the
spin equilibrium by stopping the rotation and stall. To
accomplish spin recovery, the manufacturer’s recommended
procedures should be followed. In the absence
of the manufacturer’s recommended spin recovery
procedures, the following general spin recovery procedures
are recommended.
Step 1—Position the ailerons to neutral. Ailerons
may have an adverse effect on spin recovery. Aileron
control in the direction of the spin may speed up the
rate of rotation and delay the recovery. Aileron control
opposite the direction of the spin may cause the down
aileron to move the wing deeper into the stall and
aggravate the situation. The best procedure is to ensure
that the ailerons are neutral. If the flaps are extended
prior to the spin, they should be retracted as soon as
possible after spin entry.
Step 2—Apply full opposite rudder against the
rotation. Make sure that full (against the stop) opposite
rudder has been applied.
Step 3—Apply a positive and brisk, straight forward
movement of the elevator control past neutral
to break the stall. This should be done immediately
after full rudder application. The forceful movement
of the elevator will decrease the excessive angle of
attack and break the stall. The controls should be held
firmly in this position. When the stall is “broken,” the
rotation stops.
Step 4—After spin rotation stops, neutralize the
rudder. If the rudder is not neutralized at this time, the
ensuing increased airspeed acting upon a deflected rudder
will cause a yawing or skidding effect. Slow and
overly cautious control movements during spin recovery
must be avoided. In certain cases it has been found
that such movements result in the glider continuing to
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glider. Before beginning any spin operations, the following
items should be reviewed.
• GFM/POH limitations section, placards, or
type certification data sheet, to determine if
the glider is approved for spins.
• Weight and balance limitations.
• Proper recommended entry and recovery
procedures.
• The requirements for parachutes. It would be
appropriate to review current Title 14 of the
Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 91
for the latest parachute requirements.
A thorough glider preflight should be accomplished
with special emphasis on excess or loose items that
may affect the weight, CG, and controllability of the
glider. Slack or loose control cables (particularly rudder
and elevator) could prevent full anti-spin control
deflections and delay or preclude recovery in some
gliders.
Prior to beginning spin training, the flight area, above
and below the glider, must be clear of other air traffic.
Clearing the area may be accomplished while slowing
the glider for the spin entry. All spin training should be
initiated at an altitude high enough for a completed
recovery at or above 1,500 feet AGL.
There are four phases of a spin: entry, incipient, developed,
and recovery.
ENTRY PHASE
In the entry phase, the pilot provides the necessary elements
for the spin, either accidentally or intentionally.
The entry procedure for demonstrating a spin is similar
to a stall. As the glider approaches a stall, smoothly
apply full rudder in the direction of the desired spin
rotation while applying full back (up) elevator to the
limit of travel. Always maintain the ailerons in the neutral
position during the spin procedure unless the
GFM/POH specifies otherwise.
INCIPIENT PHASE
The incipient phase takes place between the time the
glider stalls and rotation starts until the spin has fully
developed. This change may take up to two turns for
most gliders. Incipient spins that are not allowed to
develop into a steady-state spin are the most commonly
used in the introduction to spin training and recovery
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Glider Flying Handbook(80)
