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the best training is selecting one from the air. Landing
area selection training and simulated approaches to
these areas using a self-launch glider or other powered
aircraft is a good investment if one is available.
Once soaring skills have been honed, pilots need to be
able to find their position along a route of flight. A
Sectional Aeronautical Chart, or sectional for short, is a
map soaring pilots use during cross-country flights.
They are updated every 6 months and contain general
information, such as topography, cities, major and
minor roads and highways, lakes, and other features
that may stand out from the air, such as a ranch in an
Figure 11-1. Sample area from a Sectional Aeronautical Chart.
otherwise featureless prairie. In addition, sectionals
show the location of private and public airports, airways,
restricted and warning areas, and boundaries and
vertical limits of different classes of airspace.
Information on airports includes field elevation, orientation
and length of all paved runways, runway lighting,
and radio frequencies in use. Each sectional
features a comprehensive legend. A detailed description
of the sectional chart is found in the Pilot’s
Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-
25. Figure 11-1 shows a sample sectional chart.
11-2
The best place to become familiar with sectional charts
is on the ground. It is instructive to fly some “virtual”
cross-country flights in various directions from the
local soaring site. In addition to studying the terrain
(hills, mountains, large lakes) that may effect the soaring
along the route, study the various lines and symbols.
What airports are available on course? Do any
have a control tower? Can all the numbers and symbols
for each airport be identified? If not, find them on the
legend. Is there Class B, C, or D airspace enroute? Are
there any restricted areas? Are there airways along the
flight path? Once comfortable with the sectional from
ground study, it can be used on some local flights to
practice locating features within a few miles of the
soaring site.
Any cross-country flight may end with a landing away
from the home soaring site, so pilots and crews should
be prepared for the occurrence prior to flight.
Sometimes an aerotow retrieve can be made if the
flight terminates at an airport; however, trailer
retrieval is more typical. Both the trailer and tow vehicle
need a “preflight” before departing on the flight.
The trailer should be roadworthy and set up for the
specific glider. Stowing and towing a glider in an inappropriate
trailer can lead to damage. The crew should
be familiar with procedures for towing and backing a
long trailer. The tow vehicle should be strong and stable
enough for towing. Both radio and telephone communication
options should be discussed with the
retrieval crew.
Before any flight, obtain a standard briefing from the
Automated Flight Service Station (AFSS). As discussed
in Chapter 9—Soaring Weather, the briefer supplies
general weather information for the planned
route, as well as any NOTAMs, AIRMETs, or
SIGMETs, winds aloft, an approaching front, or areas
of likely thunderstorm activity. Depending on the
weather outlook, beginners may find it useful to discuss
options with more experienced cross-country
pilots at their soaring site.
Many pilots have specific goals in mind for their next
cross-country flight. Several options should be planned
ahead based on the area and different weather scenarios.
For instance, if the goal is a closed-course 300 km
flight, several likely out and return or triangle courses
should be laid out ahead of time, so that on the specific
day, the best task can be selected based on the weather
outlook. There are a number of final details that need
attention on the morning of the flight, so special items
should be organized and readied the day before the
flight.
Lack of preparation can lead to delays, which may
mean not enough of the soaring day is left to accomplish
the planned flight. Even worse, poor planning
leads to hasty last minute preparation and a rush to
launch—critical safety items can then be missed easily.
Inexperienced and experienced pilots alike should use
checklists for various phases of the cross-country preparation
in order to organize details. When properly used,
checklists can help avoid oversights, such as sectionals
left at home, barograph not turned on before take-off.
Checklists also aid in making certain that safety of flight
items are checked or accomplished, such as all assembly
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Glider Flying Handbook(149)
