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the glider pilot to release immediately. This is one
of many situations that make it vitally important that
both the towpilot and glider pilot have a thorough
knowledge of aerotow visual signals.
Glider mechanical failure can include towhook system
malfunctions, flight control problems, and/or improper
assembly or rigging. If a mechanical failure occurs, the
glider pilot must assess the situation to determine the
best course of action. In some situations, it may be beneficial
to remain on the aerotow, while other situations
may require immediate release.
If the glider release mechanism fails, the towpilot
should be notified either by radio or tow signal and the
glider should maintain the high tow position. The towpilot
should tow the glider over the gliderport/airport
Glider release
Glider turns right, 90°
heading change
Glider continues away, towpilot
confirms glider release, turns left
Figure 7-10. Aerotow release.
7-10
and release the glider from the towplane. The towrope
should fall back and below the glider. The design of the
towhook mechanism is such that the rope pulls free
from the glider by it’s own weight. Since some gliders
do not “back release,” the glider pilot should pull the
release to ensure the towrope is in fact released.
Failure of both the towplane and glider release mechanisms
is extremely rare. If it occurs, however, radio or
tow signals between the glider and towpilot should verify
this situation. The glider pilot should move down to
the low tow position once the descent has started to the
gliderport/airport. The glider pilot needs to use spoilers/
dive breaks to maintain the low tow position and to
avoid over taking the towplane. The towpilot should
plan the approach to avoid obstacles. The approach
should be shallow enough so that the glider touches
down first. The glider pilot should use the spoilers/dive
breaks to stay on the runway, and use the wheel brake
as necessary to avoid overtaking the towplane.
Excessive use of the glider wheel break may result in
the towplane landing hard.
Environmental factors include encountering clouds,
mountain rotors, or restricted visibility. Any of these
factors also may require the glider pilot to release from
the aerotow. During the aerotow, each pilot is responsible
for avoiding situations that would place the other
pilot at risk. For the towplane pilot, examples of pilot
error include deliberately starting the takeoff before the
glider pilot has signaled the glider is ready for launch,
using steep banks during the aerotow without prior
consent of the glider pilot, or frivolous use of aerotow
signals, such as “release immediately!” For the glider
pilot, examples of pilot error include rising high above
the towplane during takeoff and climb, or leaving airbrakes
open during takeoff and climb.
One of the most dangerous occurrences during the
aerotow is allowing the glider to rise high above and
losing sight of the towplane. The tension on the
towrope by the glider pulls the towplane tail up, lowering
its nose. If the glider continues to rise pulling the
towplane tail higher, the towpilot may not be able to
raise the nose. Ultimately, the towpilot may run out of
up elevator authority. Additionally, the towpilot may
not be able to release the towrope from the towplane.
This situation can be critical if it occurs at altitudes
below 500 feet AGL. Upon losing sight of the towplane,
the glider pilot must release immediately.
SLACK LINE
Slack line is a reduction of tension in the towrope. If
the slack is severe enough it might entangle the glider,
or cause damage to the glider or towplane. The following
situations may result in a slack line.
• Abrupt power reduction by the towplane.
• Aerotow descents.
• Turning the glider inside the towplane turn
radius. [Figure 7-8]
• Turbulence.
• Abrupt recovery from a high tow position.
[Figure 7-11]
Slack line recovery procedures should be initiated as
soon as the glider pilot becomes aware of the situation.
The pilot’s initial action should be to yaw away from
the bow in the line. In the event the yawing motion fails
to reduce the slack sufficiently, careful use of spoilers/
dive brakes can be used to decelerate the glider and
take up the slack. When the towline tightens, stabilize
the tow, then gradually resume the desired aerotow
position. When the slack in the line is excessive, or
beyond the pilot’s capability to safely recover, the pilot
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Glider Flying Handbook(61)
