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Cover the pitot tube and the total energy probe to keep
spiders, wasps, and other insects or debris from causing
an obstruction. [Figure 6-3]
Always use a cover to protect the glider canopy. It can
be damaged by blowing dust and sand or scratched by
apparel, such as watches or belt buckles. A cover protects
the canopy from damage while shielding the
interior of the cockpit from ultra-violet (UV) rays.
[Figure 6-4]
GROUND HANDLING
Moving a glider on the ground requires special handling
procedures, especially during high winds.
Normally, gliders are pushed or pulled by hand or
towed with a vehicle. When moving a glider, ensure
that all appropriate personnel have been briefed on
procedures and signals.
When using a vehicle to tow a glider, use a towrope
that is more than half the wingspan of the glider. If one
wingtip stops moving for any reason, this length prevents
the glider from pivoting and striking the tow
vehicle with the opposite wingtip. One half the
wingspan plus 10 feet provides safe operation.
When starting, slowly take up slack in the line with the
vehicle to prevent sudden jerking of the glider. The
towing speed should be no faster than a brisk walk.
When towing a glider, always use at least one wingwalker.
The wingwalker and the driver of the tow vehicle
function as a team, alert for obstacles, wind, and
any other factor that may affect the safety of the glider.
The driver should always stay alert for any signals
from the wingwalkers. [Figure 6-5]
If it is necessary to move the glider during high winds,
use two or more crewmembers placed at the wingtips
and tail. Also, have a pilot in the cockpit, with the
spoilers deployed, holding the controls appropriately
to reduce lift on the glider. Strong winds and gusts can
cause damage to the glider during ground handling, so
exercise care during these conditions.
LAUNCH EQUIPMENT INSPECTION
Prior to making a flight, it is important to inspect the
condition of the towrope. The towrope should be free
from excess wear; all strands should be intact, and the
rope should be free from knots. [Figure 6-6]
Figure 6-3. Protecting the pitot tube and total energy
Figure 6-4. Protecting the canopy.
6-3
the towrope. The safety link is constructed of towrope
with a towring on one end and the other end spliced
into a loop. The weak link at the glider attach end of the
towrope must be 80 to 200 percent of the maximum
certificated operating weight of the glider. The safety
link at the tow plane attach end must be of greater
strength than the safety link at the glider attach end of
the towrope, but not more than 25 percent greater nor
greater than 200 percent of the maximum certificated
weight of the glider. Towropes and weak links are
assembled using a towring that is appropriate for the
operation. [Figure 6-7]
The towhooks on both the glider and the towplane need
to be inspected. The two most common types of
towhook are an over-the-top design, such as a
Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR)
part 91, section 91.309 requires that the strength of the
towrope be within a range of 80 to 200 percent of the
maximum certificated weight of the glider. A knot in
the towrope reduces its strength by up to 50 percent,
and causes a high spot in the rope that is more susceptible
to wear. Pay particular attention to the ring area
that the glider attaches to because this is also a high
wear area.
If the towrope exceeds the required strength it is necessary
to use a weak link, or safety link, at both ends of
Figure 6-5. Positioning the glider for the tow vehicle.
Figure 6-6. Inspecting the towrope. Figure 6-7. The weak link.
6-4
Schweizer hook, or a grasping style, such as a Tost
hook. Any towhook must be freely operating, and free
from damage. [Figure 6-8]
GLIDER PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
A thorough inspection of the glider should be accomplished
before launch. A preflight checklist for a glider
should be in the GFM/POH. If not, develop a checklist
using the guidelines contained in Appendix A—
Preflight Checklist.
COCKPIT MANAGEMENT
Prior to launch, passengers should be briefed on the use
of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, and emergency procedures.
If ballast is used, it must be properly secured.
Organize the cockpit so items needed in flight are
accessible. All other items must be securely stowed.
The necessary charts and cross-country aids should be
stowed within easy reach of the pilot.
PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
If a parachute is to be used, 14 CFR part 91 requires
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Glider Flying Handbook(54)
