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are drugs that decrease pain. The majority of the
drugs that contain acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin),
acetaminophen (Tylenol), and ibuprofen (Advil)
have few side effects when taken in the correct
dosage. Although some people are allergic to certain
analgesics or may suffer from stomach irritation,
flying usually is not restricted when taking
these drugs. However, flying is almost always precluded
while using prescription analgesics, such
as Darvon, Percodan, Demerol, and codeine,
since these drugs may cause side effects such as
mental confusion, dizziness, headaches, nausea,
and vision problems.
Anesthetics are drugs that deaden pain or cause a
loss of consciousness. These drugs are commonly
used for
dental and surgical procedures. Most local anesthetics
used for minor dental and outpatient procedures
wear off within a relatively short period of
time. The
1-18
anesthetic itself may not limit flying so much as
the actual procedure and subsequent pain.
Stimulants are drugs that excite the central nervo
u s
system and produce an increase in alertness and
activity. Amphetamines, caffeine, and nicotine are
all forms of stimulants. Common uses of these
drugs include appetite suppression, fatigue
reduction, and mood
elevation. Some of these drugs may cause a stim -
ulant reaction, even though this reaction is not
their primary function. In some cases, stimulants
can produce
anxiety and mood swings, both of which are dangerous
when you fly.
Depressants are drugs that reduce the body’s functioning
in many areas. These drugs lower blood
pressure, reduce mental processing, and slow
motor and reaction responses. There are several
types of drugs that can cause a depressing effect
on the body, including
tranquilizers, motion sickness medication, some
types of stomach medication, decongestants, and
antihistamines. The most common depressant is
alcohol.
Some drugs, which can neither be classified as
stimulants nor depressants, have adverse
effects on flying. For example, some forms of
antibiotics can produce dangerous side effects,
such as balance disorders,
hearing loss, nausea, and vomiting. While many
antibiotics are safe for use while flying, the infection
requiring the antibiotic may prohibit flying. In
addition, unless specifically prescribed by a
physician, you should not take more than one
drug at a time, and you should never mix drugs
with alcohol, because the effects are often
unpredictable.
The danger of illegal drugs also are well documented.
Certain illegal drugs can have hallucinatory
effects that occur days or weeks after the
drug is taken. Obviously, these drugs have no
place in the aviation community.
Federal Aviation Regulations prohibit pilots from
performing crewmember duties while using any
medication that affects the faculties in any way
contrary to safety. The safest rule is not to fly as a
crewmember while taking any medication, unless
approved to do so by the FAA. If there is any doubt
regarding the effects of any medication, consult an
Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) before flying.
SCUBA DIVING
The reduction of atmospheric pressure that
accompanies flying can produce physical problems
for scuba divers. This is because the
increased pressure of the water during a dive
causes excess nitrogen to be absorbed into the
body tissues and bloodstream. When flying,
reduced atmospheric pressures at altitude allow
this nitrogen to come out of solution in the bloodstream
and body tissues at a rapid rate. This
rapid outgassing of nitrogen is called the bends
and is painful and incapacitating. The bends can
be experienced from as low as 8,000 feet mean
sea level (MSL), with increasing severity as altitude
increases. As noted in the AIM, the minimum
recommended time between scuba diving
on nondecompression stop dives and flying is 12
hours, while the minimum time recommended
between decompression stop diving and flying is
24 hours. [Figure 1-14]
2-1
Although gliders come in an array of shapes and sizes,
the basic design features of most gliders are fundamentally
the same. All gliders conform to the aerodynamic
principles that make flight possible. When air flows
over the wings of a glider, the wings produce a force
called lift that allows the aircraft to stay aloft. Glider
wings are designed to produce maximum lift with minimum
drag.
Glider airframes are designed with a fuselage, wings,
and empennage or tail section. Self-launch gliders are
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